International Journal of Pathology and Clinical Research is an open access peer reviewed journal that publishes articles on all aspects of pathology. This journal covers varies fields of pathology such as surgical pathology, molecular pathology, anatomic pathology, immunopathology and many more. The major focus of clinical research included patient outcome, new findings and also treatment responses pathological diseases.
International Journal of Pathology and Clinical Research welcome submissions in the form original articles, research, reviews, cases, commentaries, reports, and short communications etc., covering the information on pathology. All the submitted articles pass through a rapid peer - review process before publication, which ensures the high quality of published work.
Journal Information
Title: International Journal of Pathology and Clinical Research
ISSN: 2469-5807
Editor-in-chief: Elisabetta ALBI
NLM title abbreviation: Int J Pathol Clin Res
ICV: 86.93
ISO abbreviation: Int J Pathol Clin Res
Other titles: IJPCR
Category: General Medicine
DOI: 10.23937/2469-5807
Peer review: Double blind
Review speed: 3 weeks
Fast-track review: 10 days
Publication format (s): Electronic and print
Publication policy: Open Access; COPE guide
Publication type(s): Periodicals
Publisher: ClinMed International Library
Country of publication: USA
Language: English
Contact email: contact@clinmedjournals.org
Articles Search by Keyword | Journal title | Author name | DOI
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510148 Angela Varghese P, MBBS, Rebecca Mathews, MD and Jessy MM, MD Article Type: Original Article | First Published: 2024/02/23 The present study has been undertaken to compare the immunoexpression of Survivin and Ki67 in biopsy proven tissues of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia as well as to determine whether this immunoexpression could correlate with Gleason's score, S.PSA levels....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510147 Adults and Paediatrics Renal Cell Carcinoma with Mit/TFE3 Family Translocation Subtype: Case Series Sumaira Siddiqui Article Type: Case Series | First Published: 2023/12/02 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the kidney and constitutes about 2-3% of all cancers worldwide. In 30% of tumours, patients present with metastasis. The prognosis of patients with RCC varies according to the stage and histological grade....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510146 Rohit Parab, Laya Chadalawada, Shaina Machado and Manana Jikurashvili Article Type: Case Report and Literature Review | First Published: 2023/11/18 Although angiosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma represent completely different tumor entities their histologic features in some cases might be similar, especially in the head and neck region. Interestingly the clinical features might be also identical....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510145 Cutaneous Myxoma and Clinical Correlations to Carney Complex: A Case Report Calvin Zhang, MS-IV, Julia Porter, DO, Craig Biegel, DO, Sadaf Sheikh, MD and Dmitriy Kim, DO Article Type: Case Report | First Published: 2023/08/27 Cutaneous myxoma is an uncommon soft tissue lesion associated with Carney Complex (CNC). In this case report, we present a 33-year-old male with a soft tissue mass that was found to be a cutaneous myxoma after excision. It was initially thought to be a cyst during a visit to a nearby emergency department, at which point, the patient was referred to our surgical clinic for further management. He hoped to have the mass removed as he was concerned about cosmesis and the possibility of neoplasia. .....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510143 Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AAM) at an Uncommon Site: Case Report Reena VK, Umashankar T and Jayaprakash CS Article Type: Case Report | First Published: April 03, 2023 Aggressive angiomyxoma are rare myxoid soft tissue neoplasms, affecting the pelvis and the perineum, rarely encountered in extragenital sites, with a marked preponderance for females in the reproductive age group. AAMs are thought to be benign, locally infiltrative and non-metastasizing. Here is case report of AAM located in the posterior chest wall....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510142 Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis in a Patient with Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Madeline Fitzpatrick, MD, Amrah Pirzada, MD and Offiong Ikpatt, MD Article Type: Case Report | First Published: December 24, 2022 We present a case of a 72-year-old male diagnosed with concurrent crystal-storing histiocytosis and nodal marginal zone lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation following a finding of new axillary lymphadenopathy during active surveillance for an early stage lung cancer. A panel of ancillary studies was performed to help establish the diagnosis and to exclude other histologic mimics. We share this case to promote awareness of this rare entity, discuss its association with immunoglobulin-produci...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510141 Sheba SK Jacob and Elankumaran Krishnan Article Type: Case Report | First Published: December 01, 2022 Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) (Rosai Dorfman disease) is a disorder first described in lymph nodes but eventually has been described in many organs. Liver involvement is rare and is a great mimicker of infection, metastases or a lymphoma which commonly involve the liver. We describe a case of a middle-aged female who presented with abdominal pain in the emergency. CT scan of the upper abdomen showed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver, pancreas, left sacral ala and ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510140 Pathological Changes in Postmortem Covid-19 Biopsies Alexis J Leon-Guerrero, MD, Nazario A Ortiz-Muchotrigo, MD, Paola G Gutierrez-Gutierrez, MD, Alejandra M Bahamonde-Pacheco, MD, Lis N Zelada-Hernandez, MD, Daniela I Medina-Valdivia, MD, Cesar A Chian-Garcia, MD and Fiorella Rosas, MD Article Type: Case series and literature review | First Published: November 23, 2022 The COVID-19 epidemic has caused thousands of deaths all over the world. This virus is known to produce an atypical pneumonia that can lead to death. There are few studies concerning pathological examination of tissues from COVID-19 patients. To describe the pathological findings in tissues from deceased patients with COVID-19 infection....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510139 Rehab Mohamed Sharaf Eldin, MD, Basma Mostafa Mahmoud Abdalla, MSc, Samia Ibrahim El Naggar, MD and Wesam Ismail Moustafa, MD Article Type: Original Article | First Published: November 19, 2022 Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Calcitriol [1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3] has anticancer effects mediated through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). The expression of VDR is present in many normal and cancer tissues. But there is little information about its expression in urinary bladder carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze VDR immunohistochemical expression in 74 Egyptian patients with urinary bladder carcinoma and to evaluate its association with different clinic...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510138 Gaurvi Piplani and Teerthanath S Article Type: Original Article | First Published: October 28, 2022 Bone marrow examination is an important diagnostic tool widely used in various haematological and non-haematological disorders. Bone marrow evaluation may either confirm clinically suspected disease or may provide the previously unsuspected diagnosis. To study the spectrum of lesions, comparison and evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of the bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy findings in various haematological and non-haematological disorders....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510137 Do Messenger RNA Vaccines Induce Pathological Syncytia? Adonis Sfera, MD, Karina G Thomas, DAN O Sfera, Jonathan J Anton, Christina V Andronescu, Nyla Jafri, Sarvin Sasannia and Zisis Kozlakidis Article Type: Review Article | First Published: October 20, 2022 The Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines are composed of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) containing a modified messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes for the Spike S protein. The LNP transfection likely involves particle engulfment by the host immune cells due to their resemblance to apoptotic bodies, vesicles with externalized phosphatidylserine (ePS). As the LNPs are decorated with PS-like ionizable phospholipids, including 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), they encourage human phagocyte...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510136 Daria Kozlova, Sharon Perlman, Roee Birnbaum, Ori Mayer and Yinon Gilboa Article Type: Case Report | First Published: August 20, 2022 Congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) consist of a spectrum of cystic or non-cystic lung malformations often associated with bronchial atresia during in utero development. Several classifications for these lesions have been proposed using radiologic or pathologic criteria based on cyst size and histology, with the Stocker classification being perhaps the most commonly used in the pathology literature....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510135 Cary Chisholm, MD, Michael Hatch, MD, Sage Post and Sage Chain Article Type: Research Article | First Published: August 19, 2022 Antibodies towards Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) have shown promise to discriminate between melanoma in situ (MIS) and benign melanocytic lesions. Paget’s disease, extramammary Paget’s disease, and squamous cell carcinoma in situ may mimic the morphologic features of MIS, and PRAME expression in these lesions has not yet been described....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510134 Monoclonal Light Chains in Multiple Myeloma: The Sinister Immunoglobulin Gurmukh Singh, MD, PhD, MBA, Hongyan Xu, PhD and Roni J Bollag, MD, PhD Article Type: Clinical Research | First Published: August 04, 2022 Multiple myelomas are the commonest hematological malignancy in adults, next to the heterogeneous group non- Hodgkin lymphomas, and account for about 10% of such tumors. About 21% of the multiple myelomas are associated with higher levels of free monoclonal light chains. This subgroup of patients exhibits high incidence of renal disease manifested by significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher incidence of dialysis and significantly shorter survival....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510133 Taiwo Oloyede, Elizabeth Oke, Taiwo Alatishe, Samson Ojedokun, Adeolu Akinboro, Kunle Oreagba and Abdulkareem Afolabi Salawu Article Type: Original Research | First Published: July 30, 2022 The poor prognosis and mortality in HIV infection has been associated with deficiency of micronutrients such as zinc and copper. This study aimed to investigate the level and deficiency of some trace elements in HIV-seropositive subjects receiving HAART treatment....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510132 Jing Wang and Lavinia P. Middleton Article Type: Original Article | First Published: July 28, 2022 Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is identified by gene expression profiling studies and is associated with worse overall survival. The identification of possible precursors of BLBC is important to gain insight into tumorigenesis and therapeutic targets. This retrospective study evaluated the characteristics of possible precursors of BLBC, including basal-like atypical ductal hyperplasia (bADH) and basal-like ductal carcinoma in situ (bDCIS); basal cytokeratin (CK) expression in bADH and bDCIS; an...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510131 Cellular Angiofibroma: A Rare Tumor Behind the Ear Canan Firat, Ayca Ersen Danyeli, Yuksel Olgun and Sulen Sarioglu Article Type: Case Report | First Published: July 28, 2022 Cellular angiofibroma (CA) is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor and typically arises in genitourinary region. There are only three reported cases at the head and neck region to the best of our knowledge; two different sites at eyelid and buccal mucosa. A 67-year-old man presented to the otorhinolaryngology unit with a painless nodule behind the left ear. Ultrasonography revealed a subcutaneous non-vascular, hyperechoic, homogenous, solid, 15×15 mm mass....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510130 Hidradenocarcinoma Treated with Mohs Surgery Jenna Lee, MS, Carolina Puyana, MD, MSPH, Wenhua Liu, MD, Vassilios Dimitropoulous, MD and Roger Haber, MD Article Type: Case Report | First Published: August 18, 2022 Hidradenocarcinoma (HAC) is an exceedingly rare and aggressive malignant tumor of the adnexal eccrine and apocrine sweat gland. Due to its low incidence rate, nonspecific clinical presentation, and similar histopathological features to benign hidradenoma (HA), HAC is often misdiagnosed as its benign counterpart. Histologically, even the absence of cellular atypia does not rule out malignancy....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510129 Primary Pulmonary Colloid Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report with Literature Review Emna Braham, Farah Sassi, Mehdi Abdennadher, Mona Mlika and Faouzi El Mezni Article Type: Case Report | First Published: July 16, 2022 Pulmonary colloid adenocarcinomas are uncommon tumors individualized as a distinct entity in the histological classification of World Health Organisation of lung tumors characterized by extensive pool of extracellular mucin distending and destroying alveolar walls. We herein report a case of a 63 year-old active man smoker who presented with a worsening dyspnea. A chest computed tomography scan showed a highly suspected irregular nodule of 23 mm in the left-upper lobe....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510128 IMP3 Expression in Thyroid Cancers and its Relationship with Prognostic Parameters Gamze Ozcan, Mihriban Gurbuze, MD and Serap Pamak Bulut, MD Article Type: Original Article | First Published: May 26, 2022 The study included 60 cases diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma in the pathology department of Haseki Hospital. As the control group, two follicular adenomas, three Hurthle cell adenomas, and five nodular hyperplasia cases were included in the study....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510127 Mürüvvet Akçay Çelik, MD and Yeliz Kaşko Arıcı Article Type: Research Article | First Published: April 21, 2022 In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the pathological parameters in cases with bladder urothelial carcinoma diagnosed in our department, and to investigate the relationship between the cases in the literature and age, gender correlation. In our Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 68 bladder biopsy cases diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma between 2018-2019 were included in the study. The pathology reports of the cases were evaluated retrospectively. According to the one-way chi-squa...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510126 Maria Sajin, Florina Almarii, MD, Iona Eliza Gaianu and George Simion Article Type: Case Report | First Published: April 08, 2022 Formation of lung abscesses after Covid-19 is a newly emerging complication and superimposed mucormycosis infection is quite rare. We report the case of 62-years-old male who developed a lung abscess after being infected with SARS-COV-2. Because of the unresponsiveness to pharmacological treatment and ongoing lung damage, surgical approach was required. This is the case of a 62-years-old patient who was transferred to our hospital for the management of a non-resolving lung abscess. He was treate...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510125 Criteria for Presumptive Diagnosis of IgD Multiple Myeloma Gurmukh Singh, MD, PhD, MBA Article Type: Research Article | First Published: March 25, 2022 IgD myelomas constitute about 1% of myelomas, have worse prognosis, have higher association with lambda light chains, and are associated with excess free involved light chains. Standard immunofixation protocols stain only for IgG, IgM and IgA heavy chains. Proper attribution of a monoclonal gammopathy as having a delta heavy chain requires additional testing that is not available in most clinical laboratories. Retrospective review of protein electrophoresis and other laboratory results showed ch...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510124 Diffuse Intestinal Ganglioneuromatosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature Hussein Kaouk, Josiane Mansour, Layla Abou Khana, Rosy Feghaly and Georges Aftimos Article Type: Case Report | First Published: February 19, 2022 Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by an important proliferation of Schwann cells, nerve fibers and ganglion cells in the intestinal wall. We present a case of 36-years-old male who presented with abdominal pain, constipation and vomiting of several days duration. On admission, intestinal occlusion was suspected and urgent laparotomy was done during which numerous nodules were found in the small bowel. Eventually, a segment of the bowel was resected and his...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510123 High Expression of RAGE and HMGB1 in Lung Tissue of Decedents with COVID-19 and Diabetes Yared Tekabe, Anjali Saqi, Geping Zhang, Monica Goldklang and Lynne L Johnson Article Type: Original Research | First Published: February 17, 2022 Serum biomarker studies on patients with severe COVID-19 lung disease indicate that increased ligands for Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) and diabetes are risk factors for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To investigate in situ RAGE expression in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) ARDS, we obtained lung tissue from autopsies performed on COVID-19 decedents with clinical ARDS and corresponding pathology showing diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) both with and witho...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510122 Rekha Bhandari, Dushyant Singh Gaur, Aarti Kotwal and Anuradha Kusum Article Type: Original Article | First Published: November 18, 2021 A total of 200 clinically suspected cases of tuberculosis were included in the study. All the cytological specimens procured were smeared and stained for both ZN and FL staining. A part of the sample was used for Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) culture. Patients on ATT were excluded from the study. The maximum cases were in the age group of 21- 30 years. In 57% cases, patients were male with M:F ratio of 1.3:1. The sensitivity of FL (95.83%) was more as compared to ZN (91.67%). The difference in the case...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510121 Autopsy and Medicolegal Evaluation in a Case of Sudden Maternal Death from Pulmonary Embolism Pawan Mittal, Prateek Karagwal, Meenu Gilotra, Amrita Kulhria, Abhishek Saini and Saurabh Juneja Article Type: Case Report | First Published: November 18, 2021 Pregnancy and the postpartum period carry high risk of thromboembolic phenomenon which increases manifold postpartally. Multiple predisposing risk factors, usually acting in combination, add up to this risk. All three of the Virchow’s triad conditions predisposing to vascular thrombosis, i.e., endothelial injury, venous stasis and hypercoagulability, are present in pregnancy. The deaths caused by pulmonary embolism may become the subject of medicolegal investigation due a sudden and unexpected...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510120 Chepkorir Cynthia Chemonges, Nyagol Joshua, Massimo Granai, Stefano Lazzi, Joseph Rugumu Ndungu and Lorenzo Leoncini Article Type: Original Research | First Published: October 25, 2021 Lymphadenopathy is common in both adult and paediatric patients in Kenya. It has a broad differential diagnosis, the most common being non-specific reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Prevalence and morbidity of malignancies in early stages, such as micro lymphoma in reactive lymphadenitis remains poorly investigated. This study evaluated the histopathologic patterns of lymph node biopsies reported as reactive lymphadenitis at Kenyatta National Hospital between 2013-2019. Formalin fixed paraffin embe...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510119 Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of Literature Omotayo JA, FWACP, Abiyere OH, FWACS, Erinomo OO, FMCPath and Soremekun AI, FMCPath Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 20, 2021 Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is very rare. Strict histological criteria must be followed before the diagnosis can be made. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and/or its appendages in which the squamous cell carcinoma is a portion should be excluded. Areas of metaplastic change in an otherwise ductal carcinoma should not be diagnosed as pure squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma from other parts of the body with metastasis to the breast should also be excluded. It is a b...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510118 Gilberto Mendes Menderico Jr, PhD, MD, Leonardo Salgado Alves, MD, Layla Riva Ismail, MD, Pedro Estefan Otaviani Bernis, MD, Larissa Cichello Benassi, MD, and Rodrigo Lopes Pessoa da Silva, MD Article Type: Original Article | First Published: March 08, 2021 Thyroid nodules are prevalent in the general population, especially in women and the elderly. Often, the diagnosis of nodular lesions is incidental, representing a very common finding, and usually these lesions are not clinically important since few of them carry a malignant neoplasm. Despite the low incidence of malignancy, it is imperative to exclude the presence of thyroid carcinoma. This report aims is to identify the prevalence of thyroid nodules in the population of Baixada Santista (a geo...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510117 Yongkang Liu, Guomin Huang, Zhong Liang Li, Meixiao Zhan, Yong Li, Guangsen Cheng, Ligong Lu and Yu Liu Article Type: Review Article | First Published: February 27, 2021 To investigate the efficacy and safety between intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in ischemic stroke patients. The full-texts comparing IAT and IVT in ischemic stroke patients were retrieved by PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Review Manager 5.0 was adopted for conducting meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and bias analysis....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510116 A New Grading for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Combined WHO/ISUP Grading System Nazlı Sena Seker, Ozan Bozkurt, Güven Aslan, Elif Gokce Devecioglu and Emine Burçin Tuna Article Type: Original Article | First Published: October 22, 2020 Several parameters have been proposed to predict prognosis in renal cell carcinomas. Although the tumor grade is an important prognostic data in the RCC, there is a low correlation between the observers. The aim of this study was to establish a new grading system based on the combination of different tumor grades in the tumor and the resulting data show the relationship with parameters that are prognostic significance. 185 cases of clear cell RCC treated between 2000 and 2013 were included in th...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510115 Antiplasmodial Efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina in Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei Olajide Joseph Afolabi and Jimoh Lateefat Oyewole Article Type: Original Research | First Published: October 22, 2020 Malaria is one of the world's most serious diseases caused by Plasmodium parasite. It remains the greatest cause of hospitalization and death among human parasitic infections. Over 40% of the world’s population is at risk of malaria and active clinical cases due to Plasmodium falciparium. The study entitled “Antiplasmodial efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei” is aimed at investigating the antiplasmodial activity of the ethanolic leaf exytract of Vernoni...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510114 Ovarian Cystic Lymphangioma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature Swetha Narla, MD, Arshee Badar, DNB and Ann Kurian, MD Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 19, 2020 Lymphangiomas of the ovary are unusual benign tumours characterised by proliferation of lymphatic channels, composed of cystic spaces lined by a single layer of endothelial cells. We present a case of 61-year-old woman who presented with complaints of pain abdomen. Investigations revealed a large left ovarian multiseptate multiloculated cystic mass extending to pelvis, abdominal cavity and infraumbilical region likely neoplastic. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510113 Bushra Siddiqui, Shahbaz Habib Faridi, Durre Shehwar, Saqib Ahmed and Mastakim Ahmed Mazumder Article Type: Original Article | First Published: October 19, 2020 Endoscopic biopsy is a common procedure performed in the hospital for a variety of benign and malignant lesions of gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is incomplete without biopsy and histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of endoscopically detected lesions. This study aims at analysing age-wise spectrum of gastrointestinal biopsies with their endoscopic correlation. A total of 556 endoscopic biopsy specimens from upper and lower gastrointestinal tract were studied retrospectively f...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510112 Somaia Ahmed Saad El-Din, MD and Marwa Mosaad Shakweer, MD Article Type: Original Article | First Published: July 29, 2020 Fibromatosis is a cellular spindle cell lesion that may mimic dilemma of other spindle cell lesions, thus many tools should be available for differentiation including immunohistochemical markers. Nuclear beta catenin is a well known diagnostic marker for fibromatosis but with limited specificity and frequent background stain. Calretinin is an intracellular calcium binding protein that is found to be expressed in many cell types....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510111 Vulvar Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis: A Rare Metastasis from Gastric Adenocarcinoma Amal Damiri, Hafsa Chahdi, Mohamed Allaoui, Abderrahim El Ktaibi, Mohamed Reda El Ochi, Mohamed Amine Essaoudi and Mohamed Oukabli Article Type: Case Report | First Published: July 22, 2020 A 32-year-old woman was admitted to the gynecology department to manage a vulvar mass that appeared 3 months ago. The clinical examination found nothing special, the gynecological examination showed a vulvar mass of about 5 cm. A presumptive diagnosis of a benign lesion was made and a surgical decision to remove the mass was made....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510110 Dr. Mahesh Garje, Dr. Bharat R Sonwane, Dr. Shruti Gupta and Dr. Piyush Narkhede Article Type: Original Article | First Published: May 22, 2020 The hemoglobin inherited disorders are one of the commonest single-gene disorders in man. Frequency of carriers of hemoglobinopathies varies from 3 to 17% in India. It is estimated that around 5.35% in India are the trait of Sickle cell, hemoglobin D, and hemoglobin E. However, the definite identification of disorders of hemoglobin synthesis can be achieved only by DNA analysis. In Indian scenario, family studies can be equally efficacious and cost-effective tool on HPLC and might be useful. Thi...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510109 Swetha Narla, Sasankh RK, Annapurneswari S and Chandrasekaran Maharajan Article Type: Case Report | First Published: May 01, 2020 Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by high parathyroid hormone levels and calcium levels which is most commonly due to a parathyroid adenoma. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma is very rare and is the cause for failed primary surgery. Common sites include mediastinum, path of vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve and intrathyroidal locations. Combination of imaging techniques including Sestamibi scan is very useful in locating an ectopic parathyroid adenoma and helps to avoid re explorative ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510108 α-Smooth Muscle Actin and TLR9 Expression and Correlation in Breast Cancer Aradhana Singh, Arghya Bandyopadhyay, Narendranath Mukherjee and Anupam Basu Article Type: Original Article | First Published: April 25, 2020 Cancer microenvironment is a complex of different kinds of cells. Ligands of different Toll-like receptors has been used in clinical trials in past decade but the mixed outcome leads to further studies. Toll-like receptor 9 expression has been observed in different type of cancer. α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is an indicator of myofibroblast. In previous studies, myofibroblasts was reported to induce angiogenesis and proliferation in cancer by providing growth factors and extracellular matrix...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510107 Sufian Zaheer, Minakashi Chouhan, Sachin S Kolte and Rashmi Arora Article Type: Original Article | First Published: April 23, 2020 Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gallbladder characterized by focal or diffuse destructive inflammation of the gall bladder comprising of mainly chronic inflammatory cells, fibrous tissue and lipid laden macrophages. The present study correlated the clinicopathological findings and studied the various histomorphological changes in Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC). In a period of one year from January 2018 to June 2019, 22 patients were diagnose...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510106 Intraventricular Pilocytic Astrocytoma in an Adult Patient Joshua Hendrix and Zhenggang Xiong, MD, PhD Article Type: Case Report | First Published: March 16, 2020 Pilocytic astrocytoma’s are tumors of the central nervous system mostly during the first two decades of life. Although they are mostly common in the midline structures of children, pilocytic astrocytoma within the ventricular system of an adult is rare. To our knowledge, only one single histologically and molecularly confirmed case was documented in the literature up to this time. We report a case of a 38-yearold woman with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a brain tumor within the third ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510105 Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumour of Soft Tissue Herbert Plasschaert, Frederik Deman, Isabelle Vanden Bempt, Veerle Labarque, Michael Aertsen, Hilde Brems and Raf Sciot Article Type: Case Report | First Published: March 14, 2020 Extrarenal rhabdoid tumours appearing in the soft tissues are very rare and might be confused with other high-grade sarcomas harbouring rhabdoid features. We present a case and highlight the differential diagnosis, the ancillary techniques necessary to define its true rhabdoid nature, and the existence of hereditary syndromes. Our case concerns a new-born boy with a congenital and rapidly growing mass in the soft tissue of the left thoracic wall, expanding from a few cm in diameter at the time o...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510104 Bone Marrow Necrosis and Fat Embolism in a Patient with Sickle Cell Crisis, a Fatal Complication Gagandeep Kaur, Oluwaseyi Olayinka and Gunjan Gupta Article Type: Case Report | First Published: November 22, 2019 Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited disorder due to substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 of beta globin chain of hemoglobin leading to sickling of red blood cells. It is most common in African ancestry. The sickled RBC’s can cause vaso-occlusive crisis leading to dreadful complications. We report a case of a 56-year-old female with past medical history of sickle cell disease, atrial fibrillation and prior history of stroke. She presented to the emergency department wi...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510103 Oluwaseyi Olayinka, Gagandeep Kaur, Nusrat Pathan and Paul Fiedler Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 31, 2019 Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is an uncommon B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in which the affected tissue, usually bone marrow, is infiltrated by small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The lymph nodes, spleen and other tissues/organs in the body are less commonly infiltrated by the neoplastic cells. The clinical course of LPL is indolent although some studies report a more aggressive course and adverse outcomes especially in patients with other primary malignancies includi...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510102 John Zihou Chen, Rong Wu, Henry Simpkins, Zhendong Sun and Jianli Chen Article Type: Original Research Article | First Published: September 25, 2019 Solid tumors usually have a complex cellular components and intercellular interactions in a complex tumor microenvironment. We used a mathematical HK model to predict the change of drug resistance to cisplatin in a mixed sensitive and resistant human cervical cancer cell population and then employed a cytosensitivity assay to evaluate if biological findings could confirm this change predicted by HK model. We used the HK model to predict the resistance to cisplatin in the mixed cell population. T...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510101 John Zihou Chen, Monika Wrzolek, Lynne Opitz and Jianli Chen Article Type: Original Research Article | First Published: September 21, 2019 For decades, it has been a big challenge to directly and accurately measure an irregularly shaped area for a tumor volume evaluation of prostate cancer. All current methods are not ideal for different reasons. An objective, practical, accurate, and reliable method for measuring of prostate cancer volume is needed, in particular in modern precision medicine setting, pursuing accuracy and quality of health care. In this study, we applied a mathematical method - the Gauss area calculation formula t...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510100 Tatsuo Tomita Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 16, 2019 Duodenal and ileal carcinoids were strongly positive for CgA, with or without invasion through intestinal wall. Small appendiceal carcinoids were weakly immunostained for CgA and SPY. Colorectal carcinoids were low-grade tumors especially those of small polypoid tumors (< 1.0 cm) with CgA-negative staining while larger tumors (> 2.0 cm) infiltrating through wall were more aggressive with often CgA positive staining. CgA positive carcinoids of duodenum, small intestine and colorectum of larger th...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510099 Acrometastasis to Foot Revealing an Occult Lung Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review Ignez Candeloro and Bruno de Carvalho Dornelas Article Type: Case Report and Literature Review | First Published: September 11, 2019 Metastases to the foot bones are uncommon and they mimic inflammatory conditions. Acrometastases may be the first manifestation of an unknown primary malignant disease. We report a case in which the first sign of lung adenocarcinoma was a pathological fracture due to metastasis to a proximal toe phalanx. A 68-year-old man was evaluated for pain in his fifth toe of the left foot after a trauma. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry reactions confirmed the metastatic lesion. Unfavorable clinical course ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510098 Hongwei Ma, Catherine Xie, Mohamed Masoud, Robin Williams and Ming Xie Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 07, 2019 Peripheral T cell lymphoma (TCL) is relatively uncommon and may involve lymph node, skin and extra-nodal non-cutaneous organs. Nodal TCL often presents as systemic disease with unfavorable outcomes. Extra-nodal non-cutaneous TCL, however, may remain as localized disease and be treated differently with favorable prognosis. This study revealed the common peripheral blood findings and clinical follow ups in patients with extra-nodal non-cutaneous mature TCL. There were 9 patients, 5 males and 4 fem...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510097 Retroperitoneal Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Gumusay Ozge, Koseoglu Resit Dogan, Arici Akgul and Akin Ali Article Type: Case Report | First Published: August 29, 2019 Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm that is capable of metastasis of fibroblastic/ myofibroblastic cell origin. Although most of the cases are pleural in origin, extrapleural locations are reported with increasing frequency. Extrapleural cases are mostly seen in retroperitoneal location. Malignant forms are much rarer. The hemangiopericytomatous pattern is seen in many soft tissue tumors. Many cases with extrapleural/ extrathoracal locations that were previously diagnosed as he...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510096 Adenomatoid Tumor in the Fallopian Tube - A Rare Case Geetika Goyal, DNB, MD, Arati Inamdar, MD and Abraham Loo, MD Article Type: Case Report | First Published: July 27, 2019 Adenomatoid tumors are benign tumors of mesothelial origin seen in female genitourinary tract, most commonly involving the uterus and rarely fallopian tubes. We herein report a case of 46-year-old female who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding with complex cyst in left adnexa and multiple leiomyomata upon pelvic imaging. Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were done. A circumscribed red-tan nodule, measuring 3.0 cm in maximum dimensions was identified on the left fallopian tube with a ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510095 Influence of Image Manipulation Restricted to Global Alterations on Diagnosis by an Oral Cytologist Aman Chowdhry, Keya Sircar and Deepika Bablani Popli Article Type: Original Research | First Published: July 24, 2019 Cytology has always proudly been in forefront to absorb new technologic advances for practical use. The extensive and passionate implementation of digital imaging in telecytology, automated screening, education, training and certification, research, and publications is an appropriate example. Digitalization cytology records make its manipulation very simple. Several such manipulations, however, correspond to inappropriate changes and can affect final diagnosis of digital slides....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510094 Craniopharyngioma Brain Invasion Forms Martha Lilia Tena-Suck, Ma Elena Hernandez-CaMartha Lilia Tena-Suck, Ma Elena Hernandez-Campos, Alma Ortiz Plataa, Carlos Sanchez-Garibay, Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara and Carlos Penafielmpos, Alma Ortiz Plataa, Carlos Sanchez-Garibay, Citlaltepetl Salinas Lara and Carlos Penafiel Article Type: Original Research | First Published: July 11, 2019 Craniopharyngiomas constitute 2 to 4% of intracranial neoplasms. Although this tumors exhibit a benign histopathological pattern, recurrence is commonly reported by cerebrospinal fluid seeding and direct brain invasion. The aim of this study was to analyses and recognizes craniopharyngioma pathological features in relationship to brain invasion as a prognostic factor. One hundred patients who were surgically treated for Craniopharyngiomas extending outside the sellar and suprasellar regions were...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510093 Primary Myxofibrosarcoma of the Breast: Case Report and Review Raid Jastania and Tahani Nageeti Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 17, 2019 Soft tissue sarcomas of the breast are very rare tumors and account for less than 1% of all primary malignant breast tumors. We are reporting a case of primary myxofibrosarcoma of the breast in a 55-year-old woman treated at King Abdulla Medical City and we conducted a literature review on primary soft tissue sarcomas of the breast....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510092 Efficacy of n-Heptane as a Xylene Substitute in Routine Histopathology Anubhuti Shrivastava, Shreenivas Kallianpur and Sandeep Gupta Article Type: Research Article | First Published: June 17, 2019 The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of n-Heptane (C7H16) as a xylene substitute for clearing, deparaffinizing and staining procedures in routine histopathology. 30 biopsied oral tissues were divided in two halves, each half was processed by xylene and n-Heptane respectively. Kappa statistical analysis established agreement between observers in all criteria's with significant p value < 0.05. The p value (> 0.05) was not statistically significant with Mann-Whitney U Test, for all cri...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510091 David A Steenblock and Taruna Ikrar Article Type: Research Article | First Published: May 31, 2019 Heavy metal toxicity has been conjectured as a possible risk factor for and player in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. To test for a correlational relationship or linkage, we conducted a retrospective study of 54 sALS and 26 healthy volunteers who agreed to serve as controls, all of whom were seen at the Personalized Regenerative Medicine Clinic (San Clemente, California USA) between 2011 and 2016....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510089 Adult Glioblastoma and the Role of DAXX (Death Domain Associated Protein) Tumor Biomarker Sean M Hacking, Cao Jin, Seungjun Ahn, Deepika Savant and Mansoor Nasim Article Type: Retrospective Study | First Published: May 18, 2019 Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive primary brain cancer. GBM comprises 16% of all primary brain neoplasms with an incidence rate of 3.2 per 100,000 people. Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis, less than 5% of them survive for more than 5 years. In the treatment of GBM there is currently insufficient information to improve disease management because conventional treatments universally fail. Currently there is a crucial need to identify relevant t...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510088 Proteinuria Level and Associated Changes in Glomerular Podocytes and Renal Tubular Epithelium Maha M Arafah Article Type: Original Research Article | First Published: April 29, 2019 The correlation between glomerular podocytes and renal tubular cells involved in handling of leaked proteins and the level of proteinuria was evaluated. Retrospective 22 cases of clinical proteinuria in patients with various glomerulopathies were retrieved and analyzed. Glomerulopathies in the concerned patients were pathologically diagnosed through light and electron microscopic examination of the submitted renal biopsies. Three cases with protein levels in urine within the acceptable normal ra...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510087 Martha Lilia Tena-Suck, Armando Ruiz-Trevino, Laura Chavez-Macias, Carlos Penafiel-Salgado and Carlos Sanchez-Garibay Article Type: Case Report | First Published: April 20, 2019 Cellular Ependymoma is a term losing in the new WHO 2016 criteria, actually are classified as classical or anaplastic or associated to RELA fusion. We presented a rare case report of classical cellular ependymoma in supratentorial location, which presented a neuronal differentiation and desmoplasia in a young man of 29-yr-old, Immunohistochemistry tumor cells expressed Neu-N, Synaptophysin, SNE, α-synuclein, beta tubulin, ubiquitin, neurofilament, D2DR, and GFAP and vimentin. This rare tumor is...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510086 Аliev VA, Semenyutin VB and Panuntsev GK Article Type: Review Article | First Published: April 08, 2019 The choice of treatment of carotid artery stenosis is firstly based on assessment of the degree of stenosis and embologeneity of the atherosclerotic plaque. But even in "good-risk" population it is still difficult to identify the patients who are particularly at high threat of stroke and would most benefit from carotid reconstruction. Along with common criteria numerous studies also focus on a prognostic role of a cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) and its state which allows to carry out more objecti...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510085 Clinical and Genetics Findings in Mobius Syndrome: Role of Hoxa1 and Hoxb1 Mutations Lineu Perrone Jr, Felipe Perozzo Daltoe, Luiz Carlos Areas Araujo, Fabio Daumas Nunes, Marina Helena Cury Gallottini and Andrea Mantesso Article Type: Original Article | First Published: January 14, 2019 Mobius syndrome (MBS) is a rare congenital neurological disorder typically characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, causing a loss of facial expression and strabismus. Other cranial nerves may be affected in addition to other structures such as the jaw, limbs, and anterior chest. While the primary cause of MBS has not yet been identified different hypotheses have been enumerated, including a possible genetic alteration. The Hoxb1 gene may be a good cand...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510084 Ezekiel Uba Nwose, Phillip Taderera Bwititi and Ross Stuart Richards Article Type: Brief Report | First Published: December 13, 2018 Plasma D-dimer data are often not normally distributed. In the research setting, such data is non-parametric and statistical analysis is often based on log-transformed data. In the clinical pathology, results are not transformed, but interpreted as it is. Plasma D-dimer data are often not normally distributed. In the research setting, such data is non-parametric and statistical analysis is often based on log-transformed data. In the clinical pathology, results are not transformed, but interprete...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510083 Influence of Anticoagulants on Determination of H2O2 Levels in Blood: Comparison of Citrate and EDTA Nwose EU, Bwititi PT and Chalada MJ Article Type: Research Article | First Published: December 12, 2018 H2O2 is supposed to be part of the laboratory test panel for assessment of oxidative stress. This molecule contributes to oxidative stress by reacting with Fe2+ ions to produce hydroxyl radicals. Anticoagulants, including citrate and EDTA chelate Fe2+, possibly have implications in oxidative stress studies especially when H2O2 is measured. This brief commentary is on the measurability of H2O2 in citrated and EDTA blood samples....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510082 Vanessa Szablewski, Natacha Merindol, Sophie Ballazin, Valerie Costes-Martineau and Nathalie Bonnefoy Article Type: Original Research | First Published: December 08, 2018 Twist1 expression was investigated by both real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) and immunohistochemistry in 8 samples from reactive lymphoid tissues, 38 samples from DLBCL and 25 samples from FL patients. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic features. Both RT-QPCR and immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased Twist1 in DLBCL and FL in comparison to benign lymph nodes, where only stromal cells expressed Twist1. Twist1 was higher in FL. In DLBCL there was a tenden...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510081 Is p53 Overexpression a Predictor of Worse Outcomes in Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinomas? Raid Jastania and Tahani Nageeti Article Type: Review Article | First Published: November 22, 2018 Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common neoplasm of the female genital tract. Although immunohistochemical methods have been used for detecting several biomarkers for several cancer types, this method is still underutilized in EC. We conducted this review to identify the currently available published evidence to support the utilization of immunohistochemical for p53 protein overexpression as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of disease outcomes in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510080 Esra Polat, Yasemin Ozluk and Cagla Karaoglan Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 12, 2018 Polyposis disorders of the bowel in the pediatric population are associated with elevated risks of various cancers. The most common sites of the malignancies were the gastrointestinal system, breast, gynecological organs, testis, pancreas and lung. Testicular lesions are often overlooked as PJS predominantly appear in females. A 9-year-old boy was presented to gastroenterology policlinic due to pallor. He had a history of diagnostic laparotomy when he was nine dues to acute abdomen where intussu...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510079 Ming Xie, Mary Wyrzykowski and Hongwei Ma Article Type: Research Article | First Published: October 12, 2018 Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders with shared gene mutations, excess blood production and wide range of clinicopathological changes. JAK2, CALR and MPL gene mutation study has become one of the major criteria in the diagnosis of MPNs. This study focused on the common laboratory findings in patients with genetically proven MPNs at age 50 and younger with clinical correlation and follow up. There were 54 patients in this study, including 36 essential ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510078 Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz, Mary P Bronner, Mohamed E Salama, Jessica Kohan, Leslie R Rowe, Dean Tai, Elisabeth Malmberg and Erinn Downs-Kelly Article Type: Original Article | First Published: October 12, 2018 The progression of fibrosis in liver disease is the single most important pathologic process guiding patient prognosis and treatment decisions. Unfortunately, its histologic assessment is subjective, descriptive and non-quantitative. A more objective and uniform method is needed to assess fibrosis in order to optimize patient care. To that end, we employed two new quantitative imaging technologies to evaluate fibrosis....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510077 Archana Lakshmanan, Ann Kurian and Annapurneswari Subramanyan Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 12, 2018 Goblet cell carcinoids are distinct neoplasms with combined histologic features of carcinoid and adenocarcinoma with the intermediate prognosis. They are initially thought to arise only from the appendix, however, in the recent past, a few cases have been described in extra appendiceal locations. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumors of the stomach are uncommon and that including Goblet cell carcinoid component is exceedingly rare. We report a case of composite tumor involving the stomach with four d...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510076 Hodgkin Lymphoma Involving the Oesophagus: A Case Report Ban Sulaiman, Iram Naaz and Anne Crotty Article Type: Case Report | First Published: September 29, 2018 Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract are very rare. Primary and secondary oesophageal lymphoma account for less than 1% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas. Secondary oesophageal involvement is by contiguous spread from the stomach or surrounding lymph nodes. Patients with oesophageal lymphoma have varying presentations and complications which include perforation with a tracheo-oesophageal fistula, mass and haemorrhage....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510075 Carmela Conte, Michela Codini and Elisabetta Albi Article Type: Commentary | First Published: September 19, 2018 In nuclear membrane, the precise relation among these lipids is responsible for maintenance of normal fluidity in no stimulated cells. During rat liver regeneration, in which the cells are stimulated to proliferate, lipid composition and consequently fluidity of nuclear membranes modify, favoring an increase of mRNA transport that...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510074 The Study of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) with Microinvasion Using Myoepithelial Markers Sana Firdous, Anjaneyulu, Daphne Fonseca, Sudha Murthy, Sundaram Challa and CK Naidu Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 14, 2018 DCIS is a premalignant condition characterized by proliferation of neoplastic cells within the ducts with intact myoepithelial cell layer and when there is a breach in myoepithelial cell layer it indicates invasion and in both these condition treatment protocols and prognosis is different. Myoepithelial markers can be used to identify breach and hence invasion....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510073 Ambiguity in Diagnosis of Extra-Pulmonary Breast Tuberculosis as Breast Abscess/Duct Ectasia Hemlata Panwar, T Santosh, Bharti Kumari, Vandita Singh and RK Ramchandani Article Type: Case Report | First Published: September 03, 2018 Tubercular mastitis is a great masquerader and is an extremely rare entity as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis even in endemic countries like India and incidence accounts for 4% of breast lesions. We report a case of primary TB of breast in a elderly female presenting as diffuse upper left breast lump with indurated and ulcerated overlying skin along with retraction of nipple. Clinically suspicion was of abscess and duct ectasia. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of breast lump with touch impri...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510072 Malignant Melanoma Arising of Gland Pigmentary Disorders Vitorino Modesto dos Santos and Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos Article Type: Letter To Editor | First Published: September 03, 2018 Malignant melanoma represents up to 5% of cutaneous cancers, but up to 75% of the cases have fatal outcomes. The early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce the impressive mortality rate of this ominous malignancy. Both amelanotic and melanotic melanoma may be associated with delayed clinical suspicion and late diagnosis, harmful occurrence that may be related to lack of awareness of health care workers or unusual site of the tumors. The manuscripts herein commented described exceeding rare ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510071 Maria Sol Peremateu, Maria Lucrecia Absi, Maria Celeste Sluga, Alejandra Wernicke and Claudia Marchitelli Article Type: Case Report | First Published: August 29, 2018 Though long considered to be ectopic breast tissue representing the caudal remnants of the milk ridges, anogenital mammary-like glands are nowadays believed to represent a normal constituent of the anogenital area. Lesions involving these glands are histologically similar to their mammary counterparts and can develop the same benign and malignant tumors as the normally located breast. Because of their infrequent presentation, they represent a challenge for physicians....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510070 A 68-Year-Old Man with Apathetic Hyperthyroidism and Lung Cancer Vitorino Modesto dos Santos and Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos Article Type: Case Report | First Published: August 23, 2018 The case study of a non-small cell lung carcinoma confirmed by complete necropsy study is reported in an old man with apathetic hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. The authors emphasize diagnostic challenges related to effects of hyperthyroidism on nutritional status versus under nutrition caused by unsuspected development of a coexistent malignancy....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510069 C3orf21 and Notch Signaling in Cancer：A Potential Biomarker Yongjun Zhang, Dehou Deng and Wenlong Bao Article Type: Perspective Article | First Published: June 11, 2018 C3orf21 (chromosome 3 open reading frame 21), also known as xyloside xylosyltransferase 1 (XXYLT1), is located on chromosome 3q29. C3orf21 belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family, furthermore, it is a retaining glycosyltransferase. In the extracellular domain of target proteins, XXYLT1 catalyzes addition of the second sylose, and then elongates the O-linked xylose-glucose disaccharide attached to EGF-like repeats. XXYLT1 negatively regulates Notch signaling, and aberrations in the Notch sign...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510068 Manuel Cobo-Dols Article Type: Short Review | First Published: May 30, 2018 Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Most patients are diagnosed during the late stages of the disease in several tumors. Unfortunately, current treatment options are limited. Habitually, patients receive first- or second-line chemotherapy and a few patients (5-7%) are candidates for treatment with target agents, that eventually go on to develop resistance to these agents....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510067 Arti Easwar, Dion Middleton and Saverio Ligato Article Type: Case Report | First Published: May 26, 2018 Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma (DGP) is a rare neoplasm usually found in the second portion of the duodenum and comprised of epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, Schwann cell-like spindle cells, and ganglion cells. We report a case of a 58-year-old male with a duodenal mass discovered incidentally during a staging PET scan for an oropharyngeal carcinoma. An ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate (FNA) of the lesion revealed fascicles of spindle cells and sparse epithelioid cells with mild cyto...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510066 Effects of Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) on the Development of Lung Cancer in Mice Luis Fernando Antunes Pinheiro, Leonardo Fleury Orlandini, Mariana Scombatti Filipe, Jose Antonio Cordeiro and Patricia Maluf Cury Article Type: Review Article | First Published: May 07, 2018 Relationship between environmental pollution and lung cancer has not been fully clarified. There are particles with aerodynamic mass below 2.5 m, capable of directly injuring the lung due to their small size. The majority arise from the burning of fossil combustibles, and are called "residual oil fly ash" (ROFA). They have been demonstrated to damage cells in different ways; however, their relationship with lung cancer etiology has not been clarified....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510065 M Nadeem Ahmed, Debby Vannoy, Ann Frederick and Xuan Bi Article Type: Research Article | First Published: April 20, 2018 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonly treated bacterial infections in ambulatory care clinics and emergency departments (ED). The management of UTIs has been complicated by the emergent resistance to most commonly prescribed antibiotics causing increased patient morbidity, cost of reassessment and retreatment, and rates of hospitalization....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510064 Mohammed Alorini Article Type: Research Article | First Published: March 03, 2018 Cutting injuries and needle-stick injuries constitute a potentially fatal danger to pathologists. We evaluated such injuries in four french university anatomic pathology laboratories and analyzed the effect of the using of cut-resistant gloves to prevent these injuries....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510063 Jahnier Andres Caicedo Martinez and Carlos Arturo Iregui Castro Article Type: Original Article | First Published: November 16, 2017 Intraepithelial Lesions (IELs) are focal outgrowths of the Mammary Gland (MG), some of which are considered early precursors of tumors. The early detection of IELs has improved the survival rate in women. IELs in female canines have been proposed as a comparative model of IELs in humans....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510062 A Glance on Nail Involvement by Pemphigus Vulgaris Vitorino Modesto dos Santos Article Type: short commentary | First Published: November 13, 2017 Nail involvement by pemphigus vulgaris is uncommon and has been associated with the severity of disease. Paronychia, onychomadesis, Beau's lines, nail hemorrhages, cross riding, discoloration, hyperkeratosis, pitting, pterygium, onychodystrophy, onycholysis, onychorrhexis, onychoschizia and trachyonychia have been reported. These nail disorders may appear before, concomitantly or after the typical manifestations of pemphigus flare ups....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510061 Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Role of the Site-Specific of Metastases Vitorino Modesto dos Santos and Lister Arruda Modesto dos Santos Article Type: COMMENTARY | First Published: October 26, 2017 Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a severe malignant condition with a median survival lower than one year, and a five-year survival rate of about 30%, including tumors resected at early stage. Recurrences within two years occur in up to 80% of the resected tumors. More than two thirds of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinomas have single site of metastases, mainly affecting the liver, lungs, bones and brain, by decreasing order of frequency....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510060 Empty Sella and Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis in a Woman with Subaortic Stenosise Vitorino Modesto dos Santos, Rafaela Pinheiro Weiber, Rosana Aparecida Rodrigues Cardoso, Mariely Fernanda da Silva Helbingen and Bruno César Rodrigues do Amaral Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 25, 2017 Cerebral venous thrombosis is not a frequent condition and may follow unsuspected, with unspecific manifestations. Neuroimaging studies are mandatory in differential diagnosis, which includes arterial strokes and other benign and malignant causes of intracranial hypertension, headaches, seizures, and hemiparesis....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510059 Rodolfo Duarte Nascimento, Patrícia Rocha Martins, Jacqueline Garcia Duarte and Débora d'Ávila Reis Article Type: Research Article | First Published: October 13, 2017 The pathogenesis of megaesophagus in chronic Chagas disease, which is caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is compelling. Individuals with megaesophagus often present achalasia and disturbances of peristalsis and neuronal loss....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510058 Eric Ewing, Jeffrey B Jorgensen, Benjamin F Erhardt and Lester J Layfield Article Type: Case Report | First Published: September 02, 2017 Malignant melanomas of the nasal mucosa represent approximately 1% of all melanomas and reported examples often arise in areas of pigmentation of the nasal mucosa. Melanin pigmentation has been reported to occur in the nasal glands and dendritic cells but melanomas arising from areas of pigmented (melanocyte containing) nasal glands have not been reported to our knowledge....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510057 Santiago Ortiz and Francisco Tortosa Article Type: Clinical Images | First Published: June 16, 2017 Endometrioid adenofibroma is a benign epithelial and stromal tumor with an endometrioid epithelial component. Less than 20% of the surface epithelial tumors of the ovary have endometrioid differentiation. The majority of endometrioid ovarian neoplasms are carcinomas and the benign form is rarely find....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510056 The "Second Opinion Medical Network" Palmieri B, Laurino C and Vadala Maria Article Type: Review Article | First Published: June 05, 2017 The "Second Opinion Medical Network" is a consultation referral web and Medical Office System involving a wide panel of specialists to which patients affected by different diseases not adequately satisfied in terms of diagnosis and treatment can submit records and data for a clinical update....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510055 Keng-Thye Woo, Choong-Meng Chan, Stephanie Fook-Chong, Cynthia Lim, Jason Choo, Hui-Lin Choong, Suhail Mohamad, Han-Kim Tan, Kok-Seng Wong and Marjorie Foo Article Type: Research Article | First Published: May 29, 2017 This is a 6 year retrospective analysis of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Combined Aliskiren (150 mg a day) and Losartan (100 mg a day) in non Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. The objective of this Second (2nd) Phase study was to ascertain the proportion of patients who would remain in remission for the next 3 years and for those who had a relapse of proteinuria after stopping treatment in order to decide when would be an optimum time to stop therapy as well as to ascertai...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510054 Exosomes in the Pathogenic Protozoan Trypanosoma Cruzi Wanderley de Souza and Emile Barrias Article Type: Review Article | First Published: May 22, 2017 Significant advances have recently occurred in the identification and characterization of different types of microvesicles released by eukaryotic cells into the extracellular space. Exosomes are one such type of these vesicles they originate from multivesicular bodies and have received much attention....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510053 Cystic Lymphangioma: an Uncommon Cause of Pediatric Abdominal Pain Ivan Fernandez-Vega Article Type: Case Report | First Published: May 12, 2017 Lymphangiomas are benign congenital malformations characterized by an abnormal dilatation and proliferation of lymphatic spaces, which are found predominantly in children. Symptomatic mesenteric cyst accounts for only 1 in 20,000 in acute pediatric admission. We describe hereby a case of a previously healthy 6-year-old girl who presented acute three-day pain localized over the right upper abdominal quadrant due to intestinal obstruction....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510052 Ayse Ciftci, Handan Aker and Hatice Ozer Article Type: Original Research | First Published: April 20, 2017 The origin of ovarian epithelial tumors is still indistinct. Müllerian and coelomic hypothesis are controversial. Recently, there is also a small number of reports that tubo-peritoneal junction may play an important role in the development of tubo-ovarian tumors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tumors originating from Mullerian epithelium and peritoneal mesothelium, in other words primary and secondary Müllerian systems....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510051 Nimrat Grewal, Marie-Jose Goumans, Marco C DeRuiter, Robert JM Klautz, Robert E Poelmann, Barbara JM Mulder, Ad JJC Bogers, Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot Article Type: Original Article | First Published: February 20, 2017 Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and Marfan syndrome (MFS) have increased susceptibility for development of aortopathy. In the heart, epicardial cells expressing Wilms tumor suppressor protein (Wt1) are known to become activated after myocardial infarction. We hypothesize that epicardium covering the aorta might show a similar response in BAV and MFS in pathologic conditions....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510050 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy-like Neuropathological Findings without a History of Trauma Andrew F Gao, David Ramsay, Richelle Twose, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Charles Tator and Lili-Naz Hazrati Article Type: Case Report | First Published: January 12, 2017 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neurocognitive decline and abnormal neuronal and glial deposition of hyperphosphorylated-tau in a pattern distinct from other tauopathies. These changes are hypothesized to occur following repeated mild traumatic brain injury. We report a case of CTE-like neuropathological changes, and features of motor neuron disease in a patient without history of either head trauma or participation in activities associated ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510049 A Case of Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterus Kanae Nosaka, Hiroaki Komatsu, Tetsuro Oishi, Yasushi Horie, Tasuku Harada and Yoshihisa Umekita Article Type: Case Report | First Published: November 28, 2016 Dedifferentiation of leiomyosarcoma is a rare phenomenon that associates pleomorphic histology and loss of smooth muscle differentiation. Although the leiomyosarcoma is well known sarcoma in the uterus, and the dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma is well recognized in the soft parts, there are only a few reports of dedifferentiation of leiomyosarcoma in the uterus. Herein we present a case of dedifferentiated uterine leiomyosarcoma and discuss its relation to the undifferentiated uterine sarcoma....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510048 A Battle against the Odds: Intensive Therapy in Thrombotic Storm Priyanka Raheja, Pavel Olivera, Veronica Pons, Mercedes Perez, Joan Balcells, Romy Rossich and Amparo Santamaria Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 31, 2016 Thrombotic storm (TS) is a rare life-threatening entity that is characterized by multiple thrombotic events affecting diverse vascular sites occurring over a short period of time (days to weeks). We describe a case of a young boy who developed extensive and rapidly progressive thrombosis which required intensive treatment that included the use of triple antithrombotic therapy, pharmacomechanical thrombectomy, systemic thrombolytic therapy, and the combined use of plasmapheresis and immunosuppres...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510047 Intra-Abdominal Abscess Caused by Perforated Jejunal Diverticulitis: A Case Report Sornsupha Limchareon, Chomsorn Suparuxjinda and Varachaya Sawasdeemongko Article Type: Case Report | First Published: October 30, 2016 Jejunal diverticulitis with complication is a rare entity. Diagnosis is usually made intra-operatively. A case of 46-year-old female with acute upper abdomen is presented. Computed tomography demonstrated jejunal perforation with abscess formation. Operative findings revealed perforating jejunal diverticulitis with abscess formation. Though jejunal diverticulitis is rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis of jejunal perforation....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510046 Spontaneous Duodeno-Colic Fistula: A Case Report and Literature Review Meizhuo Gao, Tie Wang, Lining Tian and Jinlu Zhao Article Type: Case Report and Literature Review | First Published: October 30, 2016 Duodeno-colic fistula is an unnatural connect between the duodenum and the colon, which occurs rarely with the onset in the middle-aged. This report summarized the clinical manifestation and surgical treatment of the sixth case of spontaneous duodenum-colic fistula and reviewed the published other five cases....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510045 Evaluation of Hematologic Exams in Parturient Adolescents Assisted at a Public Hospital in Brazil Ana Karina Marques Salge, Maria TheresaCeravolo Laguna Abreu, Janaina Valadares Guimaraes, Fabiola de Azevedo Mello, Renata Calciolari Rossi e Silva, Douglas Reis Abdalla, George Kemil Abdalla, Thaila Correa Castra, Marilia Cordeirode Souza, Livia Roberta Rodrigues Conceicao and Eumenia Costa da Cunha Castro Article Type: Review Article | First Published: October 03, 2016 Pregnancy during adolescence is a high-risk condition that prompts research interest due to frequent obstetrics complications in this age group. We aimed to identify potentially significant hematologic alterations in parturient adolescent patients at a public hospital in Goiania, Goias State, Brazil. Data from the medical charts of 45 parturient adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) seen from 2013-2014 were analyzed, including their hemogram results, neonatology records, and labor and delivery notes...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510044 Clinicopathological Study of Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer Evangeli S Lampri, Anna C Goussia and Niki J Agnantis Article Type: Review Article | First Published: August 31, 2016 Many models of multistage tumorigenesis have been proposed to explain the conversion of a normal cell into a neoplastic one. In addition to all genetic and epigenetic changes, angiogenesis is necessary for the growth and expansion of tumors. Besides, no neoplastic lesion could not exceed the size of 2 mm if not supported by a rich vascular network....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510043 A Review of Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Salivary Glands Saeedeh Khalesi Article Type: Review Article | First Published: August 31, 2016 One of the malignant forms of pleomorphic adenomas (PA) is carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA-ex-PA). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is an uncommon malignant tumor with high aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. However, there are a few studies in this topic in the recent literature. Furthermore, the lesions are uncommon and often have a difficult diagnosis by clinicians and pathologists, because the residual small PA component and various malignancy subtypes may be present. In this study,...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510042 Andrew L Walls, Lavinia P Middleton, Adel K El-Naggar and Aysegul A Sahin Article Type: Review Article | First Published: July 31, 2016 Salivary and mammary glands share common ontology, but variable prevalence of tumor subtype frequency. Common primary salivary gland-type tumors are rare and less recognized in breast. Analogous to primary basaloid salivary tumors, basaloid mammary carcinomas, as in primary salivary, exhibit a spectrum of features from benign to malignant. The rarity and unfamiliarity of these tumors may lead to diagnostic and management challenges....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510041 Images and Text Operation Records: Xi'an Agreement Xiaopeng Yan, Liang Han, Xuemin Liu, Lin Fan, Zheng Wu and Yi Lv Article Type: Short Commentary | First Published: June 30, 2016 Operation notes are a very important part of a patient's medical record. They not only record the operation process during the surgery, but also objectively describe the organs lesions. They play a useful role in the referral disease communication, pathological diagnosis, medical practice education, and cases review. However, the current operation notes are hand-written texts therefore many deficiencies as follows: 1. It is difficult to describe the difficult and complicated operation process ac...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510040 Franciane da Silva Franca, Rodrigo Zeni Cora, Helena Cristina Ferreira Franz and Flavia Martinello Article Type: Short Communication | First Published: June 30, 2016 Objective: Evaluate the effects of dietary cholesterol, without the addition of cholic acid in the initial stage of carcinogenesis and on the bifidobacteria into the colon. Methods: Rats were grouped according to their diets and dimethylhydrazine treatment (DMH): standard diet (CN); CN + cholesterol 1% (CHOL); CN + DMH (CNDMH) and CN + cholesterol 1% + DMH (CHOLDMH). After eight weeks of treatment were analyzed weight gain, faecal pH, lipid profile, hepatic and faecal cholesterol, faecal bifidob...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510039 Japanese Crisis of HPV Vaccination Masayuki Sekine, Risa Kudo, Sosuke Adachi, Manako Yamaguchi, Yutaka Ueda, Tomomi Takata, Akiko Morimoto, Yusuke Tanaka, Asami Yagi, Etsuko Miyagi and Takayuki Enomoto Article Type: Review Article | First Published: May 30, 2016 Cervical cancer has been increasing in younger generation, especially in 20's and 30's, so it has been a serious problem that the disease leads to loss of fertility as an urgent issue in Japan. HPV vaccine was added to the national list of routine vaccinations for Japanese girls aged 12 to 16 years by law since April, 2013. Three months later, however, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare suspended recommendations for HPV vaccination after several reports of possible adverse even...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510038 Myofibroblasts Role in Wound Healing of Εyelid Lesions Trisevgeni Ntinioti, Georgia-Heleni Thomopoulou, Eugene Danas, Nikolaos G Kavantzas, Emmanuel Agapitos and Andreas C Lazaris Article Type: Letter to the Editor | First Published: May 25, 2016 In injured tissues, the repair of the extracellular matrix is organized by activated myofibroblasts. The latter cells support harmonious mechanical tissue organization. At the end of the normal repair process, myofibroblasts disappear by apoptosis but in pathological situations, myofibroblasts likely remain leading to excessive scarring. The eyelids are movable folds of tissue the core of which is represented by a tarsal plate, composed of dense connective tissue, embedded in loose connective ti...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510037 Atypical Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm Hans Hoerauf, Philipp Steven and Nicolas Feltgen Article Type: Case Report | First Published: May 25, 2016 A patient with an atypical retinal arterial macroaneurysm masked by a persistent vitreous haemorrhage mimicking a neoplasm is presented. During vitrectomy a pigmented peripapillary tumour located at large vessels with circinate lipid exsudates was detected. Examination of removed tissue revealed haemosiderin-loaded macrophages resulting in pigmentation. The histologic finding of phagocytosis of intraretinal blood remnants allowed to diagnose an atypical retinal arterial macroaneurysm....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510036 BRAF V600E Immunohistochemistry in Cutaneous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: An Analysis of 20 Cases Ryan C Romano, Wonwoo Shon, Sarah M Jenkins and Karen J Fritchie Article Type: Review Article | First Published: May 25, 2016 Twenty dermatologic biopsy specimens from 14 patients (9 adults and 5 children) were retrieved. All cases were immunostained with BRAF mutation-specific antibody. Selected BRAF V600E IHC-positive cases were analyzed for BRAF V600E mutation by pyrosequencing. Clinical parameters were correlated with IHC status. BRAF V600E protein overexpression was identified in 15 of 20 (75%) cases (9/14 patients; 5 adults and 4 children). All pediatric patients with bone involvement were BRAF V600E IHC positive...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510035 Severe Complication of POPS: Mesh Malposition in the Bladder Sabine Kersting, Dirk Kusche, Klaus-PeterJung and Eugen Berg Article Type: Case Report | First Published: April 30, 2016 The authors present a case of a 68-years-old woman suffering of persistent urinary tract infections accompanied by intermittent fever. She had a history of pelvic organ prolapse suspension (POPS) for descending perineal syndrome with rectal prolapse, carried out elsewhere 15 months ago. Cystoscopy revealed a part of the prolene mesh that was incrusted along the fundus of the bladder to be the source of symptoms. This is probably the first case that reports a complication of POPS, which is a rela...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510034 Opana-Induced Renal and Hepatic Injury: A Case Report and Review Yahya M Kurdi, Sergey Brodsky and Martha Yearsley Article Type: Case Report and Literature Review | First Published: April 30, 2016 A 34-year-old Caucasian female presented with headache, fatigue, mild abdominal pain, and dehydration. She admitted to intravenous abuse of "melted" Opana ER tablets (extended-release oral formulation of oxymorphone hydrochloride). Noted clinical signs included tachycardia, tachypnea, and trace peripheral edema. Abnormal laboratory tests included low creatinine clearance, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet. Histological studies of hepatorenal biopsies showed evidence of severe active thromboti...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510033 Justin Bateman, Celeste Morley, Bruce F. Burns and Shahid Islam Article Type: Case Report and Literature Review | First Published: April 01, 2016 The patient is a 54 year-old male who presented in January 2015 with increasing dyspnea and weight loss over several months, eventually requiring intubation and admission to ICU for respiratory failure. He had a remote history of testicular seminoma and 'melanoma'. A trans-bronchial Wang needle aspirate biopsy of the right sub-carinal lymph node was preformed and showed sheets of large malignant cells with pleomorphic nuclei, multiple prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm. The tumour cells ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510032 Epigenomic Explanations for the Uncertainty of Cancer Biomarkers Shou-Tung Chen, Chia-Chen Hsu, Yu-Wei Leu and Shu-Huei Hsiao Article Type: Review Article | First Published: April 01, 2016 Inheritable epigenetic modifications, like histone modifications and DNA methylation, were once considered somatically stable and tissue-specific, yet accumulating evidence suggests the contrary. Environmental encounters are transduced into the cell through signaling pathways and these signals are relayed to the nucleus and memorized as epigenetic marks on target genes. Signaling-specific epigenomic changes provide selectable outlines for further lineage determination during differentiation and ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510031 Ola H Negm, James C Hassall, Wakkas Fadhil, Alain Pitiot, Patrick J Tighe, Cedric Marchessoux and Mohammad Ilyas Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: April 01, 2016 Biomarker studies are notorious for their high failure rate. Despite huge investment by both academia and industry, very few biomarkers make the transition from interesting laboratory data to tests with clinical utility. The reasons for this are manifold. Some biomarkers are "true" biomarkers inasmuch as they are robust and reproducible but the information they provide does not help to improve patient management beyond that informed by traditional clinical parameters....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510030 Reduced and Thinned Elastic Fibers in Skin Tag Ahmed Abdullah Alhumidi Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: March 29, 2016 This is a retrospective study in which thirty histopathological specimens of fibroepithelial polyp (skin tag) were examined. Their paraffin blocks were collected from the archives of the Pathology Department, king khalid University hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period from 2010 to 2012. Age of the patient, sex, and site, of the lesions as well as type of skin tag were recorded. Sections from each paraffin block were cut by a microtome at 5-micron thickness, stained with hematoxylin ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510029 Micronutrients Deficiencies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Graziela Biude Silva, Bruna Zavarize Reis and Silvia Maria Franciscato Cozzolino Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: February 29, 2016 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly involves synovial joints and affects up to 2% of adults worldwide. Poor nutrient status in RA patients has been reported and some drug therapies, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), prescribed to alleviate RA symptoms, may increase the requirement for some nutrients and reduce their absorption. The importance of micronutrients in this disease is related to their cofactor role in immune system functi...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510028 Research Progress of STK33 in Cancer Biology Chen Chen and Jianfeng Li Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: February 29, 2016 In recent years, serine/threonine kinase 33 (STK33) has attracted considerable attention in tumor biology. STK33 displays a heterogenous expression pattern, and in most tissues, expression level is low. It belongs to the CAMK family, and differentiates itself from other members of the CAMK family due to its expression pattern. STK33 is likely to participate in the dynamic changes of intermediate filament cytoskeleton depolymerization by phosphorylating vimentin, and thereby influencing the cell ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510027 JAK2V617F Mutation Affects Downstream LIN28A and HMGA2 Methylation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Chih-Cheng Chen, Chia-Chen Hsu, Kuan-Der Lee, Chia-Chen Chiu, Hong-Chi Chen, Tim H.-M. Huang, Yu-Wei Leu and Shu-Huei Hsiao Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: February 29, 2016 The lineage/clonal selection theory for cellular transformation may help identify the effector genes whose functions are crucial for MPN tumorigenesis. MPNs originate from hematopoietic stem cells carrying compartmental mutations such as JAK2V617F. JAK2 signaling regulates target gene expression by altering the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of STATs. To provide selectable gene expression that promotes transformation of certain cellular lineages, specific signals relayed to the cell nu...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510026 Alexander E. Berezin Article Type: Mini Review | First Published: February 26, 2016 The low-intense inflammation is discussed as a one of the clue of various faces of pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) including insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxity, oxidation injury that contributed in cardiovascular (CV) disease and clinical outcomes. However, there are a lot of candidates for on early biological marker that could stratify DM patients at CV risk. The myeloid-related protein 8/14 known as calprotectin is a heterodimeric complex of calcium-binding protei...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510025 Integration to Advance Translation Estela S. Estape Article Type: Commentary | First Published: February 26, 2016 The science of translation has been taken over very fast by health stakeholders such as: investors, shareholders, sponsors, practitioners or any interested party in healthcare. The main reason is the demand to transfer discoveries faster to the ones who are in most need: the participants or patients. Translation can be seen as the art of transferring scientific knowledge into evidenced based everyday practice; paving the way to increased effectiveness and efficiency in health care. The concept o...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510024 Ng Wai Yoong and Yeo Chin Pin Article Type: Perspective | First Published: February 26, 2016 Laboratory services in Singapore General Hospital (SGH), a national referral centre, acute tertiary and teaching hospital has changed through the years with its beginning since 1821 and as a modern hospital in 1926. An opportunity to design new facilities to transform the delivery of clinical tests and embrace future challenges came up with the confirmation of a new purpose-built Pathology building in 2009....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510023 Glutamate Concentrations in Plasma and CSF in Patients with Glioma and Meningioma George Dimogerontas, Alexia Polissidis, Petros Karkalousos, Epameinondas Konstantinidis, Zeta Papadopoulou-Daifoti and Charis Liapi Article Type: Review Article | First Published: February 07, 2016 Glioma, a malignant intra-axial brain tumor, can release glutamate that facilitates tumor expansion, stimulates tumor-cell proliferation and motility and promotes epileptic activity. Glutamate acid is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian Central Nervous System. We explore correlations of glutamate concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with glioma in comparison to patients with meningioma which is the most common benign cerebral tumor....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510022 Hiroshi Tada, Kohsuke Gonda, Minoru Miyashita and Noriaki Ohuchi Article Type: Review Article | First Published: February 03, 2016 Assessing breast cancer tissues for expression of multiple biomarkers, such as the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki67, provides critical information for patient management. However, the predictive power of these biomarkers for the selection of personalized therapeutic approaches is still limited. Application of fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) has offered some promising breakthroughs in the multiplexed imaging and ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510021 Zen Kouchi Article Type: Review Article | First Published: February 01, 2016 Synaptic morphogenesis and plasticity are regulated by neuronal activity to form efficient neuronal networks based on somatosensory inputs or behavioral experiences. Enhanced neuronal activity triggers reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in presynaptic compartments and induces coordinated changes in apposed postsynaptic density with actin dynamics. Numerous cell-adhesion molecules are involved in these processes, and classical cadherins are most characterized and important for synaptic form...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510020 A De Novo Malignant Mixed Tumor (Carcinosarcoma) of the Parotid Gland: Case Report Hussam F Tallab, David E Ricklan and Peter J Catalano Article Type: Case Report | First Published: January 29, 2016 True malignant mixed tumors (carcinosarcomas) of salivary gland origin are exceedingly rare and demonstrate malignant epithelial and stromal components. The subject of this case study is a 61 year-old male who presented with mild left facial swelling with minimal discomfort and without a mass of the parotid gland. He underwent CT imaging which demonstrated a cystic lesion of the parapharyngeal space. CT guided fine needle aspiration of the lesion failed to demonstrate malignancy. The patient ult...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510019 Anemia Investigation Reveals a Primary Sea-Blue Histiocyte Syndrome Antonio Proenca Caetano, Ines de Figueiredo, Francisco Tortosa, Anabela Ferrao and Cristina Ferreira Article Type: Case Report and Review of Literature | First Published: January 08, 2016 Sea-blue Histiocyte Syndrome (SBHS) is a rare and poorly understood systemic histiocytosis that is sometimes associated with haematological and lipid storage diseases as well as other miscellaneous conditions, but in most cases its cause is unknown. Patients often have very disparate clinical features but share the same histological findings of sea-blue histiocytosis in the bone marrow, i.e. characteristic lipid-laden macrophages with deep-blue or blue-green granules when stained with Romanovsky...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510018 Michael J. Whalen and Michael B. Rothberg Article Type: Review Article | First Published: January 06, 2016 Positive surgical margins (PSM) after radical prostatectomy have been identified as an adverse pathological feature predictive of higher rates of biochemical recurrence, distant metastasis, and cancer-specific mortality compared to negative margins. Such observations underlie the rationale for adjuvant radiotherapy for locally advanced disease or positive margins. Even without adjuvant radiotherapy, however, not all patients who have a positive margin will recur. While other adverse pathological...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510017 Shoichi D. Takekawa Article Type: Short Commentary | First Published: December 31, 2015 Pathology and radiology have become pivotal in the clinical practice of daily medicine. Diagnostic radiology and pathology are indeed indispensable wheels of medical practice. Clinicians achieve tentative diagnoses based on laboratory data and medical images in addition to their physical findings and patient medical history. Based on all available findings and on patient characteristics, clinicians finally decide on further therapeutic management strategies, including medical and surgical therap...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510016 Orbital Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma: A Case Report Hind M. Alkatan and Abdul Elah A. Al-Abdullah Article Type: Case Report | First Published: December 24, 2015 Xanthogranulomatous ocular and periocular lesions in adults have been reported in 3 main forms: adult-onset xanthogranuloma (AXG), necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG), and Erdheim-Chester disease. The three forms differ in regards to laterality, systemic associations, and prognosis. NXG is a rare chronic progressive disease considered to be systemic with mostly asymptomatic internal organ involvement. Ophthalmic manifestations include conjunctival, corneal and scleral involvement. We are presentin...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510015 Squamous Morules (Microcarcinoids) in Gastroesophageal Polyps; a Mimicker of Invasive Carcinoma Safia N Salaria and Elizabeth Montgomery Article Type: Review Article | First Published: November 30, 2015 Colorectal lesions termed squamous morules or microcarcinoids display predominantly squamous and variable endocrine differentiation and are often found in colorectal adenomas with high grade dysplasia thus mimicking invasion. Herein, we describe histopathologic, immunohistochemical classification and clinical correlation of analogous lesions in the esophagus and stomach. We identified five cases (3 men, 2 women) from November 2004-March 2013 of gastric and gastroesophageal polyps with squamous m...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510014 Cancer Stem Cell Microenvironment in Canine Glioblastoma Development: Animal Model for Human Disease George Stoica Article Type: Review Article | First Published: November 30, 2015 Understanding the cancer stem cells (CSCs) role in malignancy is based on a comprehensive understanding of normal stem cells role and plasticity in maintaining the normal homeostasis or regeneration in various organ tissues. The niche microenvironment that sustains and regulates stem cells is tightly regulated by physical factors and hormonal signals. In the central nervous system (CNS) malignancy the CSCs niche is deregulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which disrupt the homeostatic bal...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510013 Liquid Biopsy: A Future Tool for Post Treatment Surveillance in Head and Neck Cancer? Joost H Van Ginkel, Manon MH Huibers, Rob Noorlag, Remco de Bree, Robert JJ van Es and Stefan M Willems Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 30, 2015 The prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely based on disease stage. Despite improvements in treatment, recurrence rates are still considered high. Currently, disease progression or regression after curative treatment is monitored by clinical evaluation combined with flexible endoscopy and/or imaging....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510012 Balancing the Harm and Benefit of Disclosure: A Laboratory Physician's Perspective Chantale Pambrun Article Type: Commentary | First Published: November 28, 2015 The four principles of medical ethics that so often appear in the literature encourage physicians to uphold them whenever possible. We are to respect the autonomy of our patients, try to bring them clinical benefit, refrain from harming them, and to be just and fair....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510011 An Uncommon Cause of Skin Discoloration: Purpura Pigmentosa Progressiva Charles Joseph Haddad, Judella Haddad Lacle and Charles Michael Haddad Article Type: Case report | First Published: October 04, 2015 Purpura Pigmentosa Progressiva is also known as Progressive Pigmentary Dermatitis or Schamberg's Disease. It is a disorder causing skin discoloration on the trunk and extremities, and is a lymphocytic capillaritis of unknown etiology. The disease can occur at any age. It is important to be aware of this disorder since it can mimic other diseases and problems including child and elder abuse, thrombocytopenia purpura....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510010 Overview of Coroner's Adult Autopsies in England Husayn Al Mahdy Article Type: Review Article | First Published: September 11, 2015 This article provides an overview of coroner's autopsies in England with the aim of improving the service and hence provide accurate death certification as well as a learning experience for clinicians caring for patients. The system that has evolved has neither improved the service nor has it led to a learning experience for the clinicians. Compatibility of clinical features ante-mortem combined with post-mortem findings are lacking and involvement of the clinicians is almost non-existent. The c...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510009 Factors Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy of Hepatic Metastasis from Colorectal Carcinoma D. Cortes Guira,, MJ Fernandez-Acenero, Damian Garcia-Olmo and C. Pastor Idoate Article Type: Review Article | First Published: September 03, 2015 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a widely used therapeutic option for patients with resectable hepatic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. In this setting, the intent of NAC is to reduce metastatic size and make surgery easier and/or less extensive, mostly in patients that are amenable to surgery. Several studies confirm that response to neoadjuvant therapy is indicative of a better prognosis for such patients and several methods have been proposed and validated to measure both radiological a...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510008 Elena Arabadzhieva, Sasho Bonev, Lyubomira Dimitrova, Atanas Yonkov, Dimitar Bulanov, Vesela Ivanova and Violeta Dimitrova Article Type: Case Report | First Published: September 02, 2015 We present a case of 58-year-old woman who underwent bilateral adnexectomy with small bowel resection during urgent operation for an incarcerated umbilical hernia. There was a slight enlargement in both ovaries and presence of cystic formation with some papillary structures in the right one. Histologically, bilateral infiltration of tumor cells with moderate cytological and nuclear atypia and tubular, nested and cystic growth pattern was observed. The patient had a long list of co-morbidities: l...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510007 The Optimization of Igm In-House ELISA for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Melioidosis in Malaysia Azura Mohd Noor, Norazah Ahmad and Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin Article Type: Research Article | First Published: September 02, 2015 Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease which can lead to high mortality and death within 48 hours if treatment is delayed. Detection of antibodies against Burkholderia pseudomallei may help in early diagnosis of melioidosis. This study was carried out to optimize an in-house ELISA for the detection of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) against B. pseudomallei in suspected acute melioidosis patients in Malaysia. Three different concentrations of crude B. pseudomallei cells antigen (0.200 mg/ml,...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510006 On Emerging Clinical Dental Specialties and Recognition Ronald S Brown Article Type: Commentary | First Published: July 24, 2015 Dentistry is mainly a surgical clinical profession and dental clinicians are primarily involved in the surgical management of oral diseases and conditions. There are a few American Dental Association (ADA)-recognized non-surgical dental specialties such as Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, and Public Health Dentistry. These non-surgical dental specialties are mainly supportive to the surgical dental specialties and general dentists. For instance, Oral & Maxillofacia...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510005 Aaron Cotrell, Farzaneh Sayedian, Michelle Huang, Xia Chen, Ming Xie, Marc Smith and James Huang Article Type: Research Article | First Published: July 13, 2015 Evaluation of lymphoma cell size is a key step in the sub classification of B-cell lymphomas. Lymphoma cells can be classified as large, small or (less commonly) medium; but recognition of large B-cells is of particular importance because of their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Lymphomas with increased large cells are often associated with more aggressive clinical course. For instance, neoplastic B-cells of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are predominately large cells....
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510004 Raizada N, Sachdeva KS, Malhotra B, Thakur R, Kishore Reddy VC, Chauhan DS, Dave P, Mohammed F, Ram Das, Sharma P, Sharma SK, Wares F, Sahu S, O'Brien R, Mundade Y, Dewan PK and Paramasivan CN Article Type: Research Article | First Published: June 08, 2015 GenoType MTBDRplus assay (LPA) has been endorsed by the World Health Organization for rapid screening of patients at risk of MDR-TB for an early diagnosis. A key constraint in the uptake of this technology in 2009 was the lack of LPA proficiency assessment system. To enable LPA scale-up, proficiency testing procedures were developed and implemented in India. Methods: After initial LPA training, each project site collected remnant sputum specimens from 50 smear-positive patients for anonymous LPA...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510003 Ines Palmela, Pedro Pereira, Masaharu Hayashi, Dora Brites and Maria A. Brito Article Type: Research Article | First Published: April 29, 2015 Kernicterus is a severe manifestation of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. We investigated the neuro-glia-vascular alterations in autopsy material from three infants with kernicterus. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in the cerebellum, hippocampus and basal ganglia, the most vulnerable brain regions to bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity. The data obtained were compared with the relatively spared temporal cortex, as well as with three aged-matched controls with no ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510002 Clinical Applications of Leukocyte Morphological Parameters Dongsheng Xu Article Type: Review Article | First Published: March 25, 2015 Leukocyte morphological parameters, also known as cell population data (CPD), are measured by Coulter automated hematology analyzers with VCS technology. In recent years, clinical applications of CPD have been extensively investigated. The studies have demonstrated that diagnostic utility of neutrophil CPD in acute bacterial infection, particularly their roles in differentiating post-surgical bacterial infection versus systemic inflammatory response syndrome. ...
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Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510001 Why the Hypocholesteremia must not be Neglected? Elisabetta Albi Article Type: Editorial | First Published: February 17, 2015 During the last ten years studies on the role of cholesterol in the development and progression of cancer process and observations of severe hypocholesterolemia in patients with solid tumours and hematologic malignancies have been extended. Th cancer cell incorporates cholesterol with avidity and reduces its serum level. In normal cells, cholesterol binds sphingomyelin with very long-chained saturated fatty acids to form membrane lipid raft that acts as platform for proteins and receptors....
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ClinMed Journals Index Copernicus Values
Clinical Medical Image Library: 93.51
International Journal of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine: 92.83
International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine: 91.84
International Journal of Womens Health and Wellness: 91.79
Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatment: 91.73
Journal of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology: 91.55
Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology: 91.55
Clinical Medical Reviews and Case Reports: 91.40
International Archives of Nursing and Health Care: 90.87
International Journal of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research: 90.80
International Archives of Urology and Complications: 90.73
Journal of Clinical Nephrology and Renal Care: 90.33
Journal of Family Medicine and Disease Prevention: 89.99
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and Treatment: 89.54
Journal of Dermatology Research and Therapy: 89.34
International Journal of Clinical Cardiology: 89.24
International Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology: 88.88
Obstetrics and Gynaecology Cases - Reviews: 88.42
International Journal of Blood Research and Disorders: 88.22
International Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research: 87.97
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