Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510021
Preventing a Mass Disease: The Case of Gallstones Disease. Role and Competence for Family Physicians
Ignazio grattagliano
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: November 23, 2015
Gallstone formation is due to a complex interaction between genetic and nongenetic factors. Genes are estimated to account for only about one-fourth of the overall gallstone risk, while metabolic/environmental factors are at least partially modifiable in stone-free risk groups, acting by primary prevention measures on diet, lifestyle and/or the environment or, in selected patients (i.e. rapid weight loss, bariatric surgery, somatostatin or analogues therapy, transient gallbladder stasis, hormone...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510020
California Physicians' Opinions of the Interface between Oral and Overall Health: A Preliminary Study
Paul Gavaza, Wonha Kim, Rashid Mosavin and Nguyen Ta
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 20, 2015
Background: Oral health is a significant health challenge in the United States. The aim of the study is to investigate California physicians' knowledge and opinion of the interface between oral and overall health as well as their recommendations for strengthening the oral and overall health interface. Method: The questionnaire, a self-addressed, postage paid return envelope and a cover letter explaining the purpose of the project was mailed to 1,000 California physicians. The survey had a total ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510019
Do Culturally Sensitive Psychological Support Interventions Reduce Stress in Black and Hispanic Professional Health Science Students: A Pilot Study
Samuel R Terrazas, Kathy Revtyak, Krizia Mendez, Marisela Padilla, Jacen S Moore and A Daniel Peralta
Article Type: Short Communication | First Published: November 13, 2015
Stress is a transactional process affected by psychological traits that commonly affect the performance of college students independent of nationality and race. However, Hispanic and Black students tend to perceive more stress in the academic context as a result of many factors, especially insitutional oppression. Many students, including minorities, lack sufficient stress management and coping skills. High levels of stress impact not only mental health, but can lead to physical complications fo...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2377-3634/1410049
Evidence Based Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Lifestyle Intervention as Compared to Pharmacological Agents
V. Naik, R. Dave, J. W. Stephens and J.S. Davies
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: December 08, 2015
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most costly and burdensome of chronic diseases and is a global epidemic. Estimates by the International Diabetes Federation indicate that 387 million people have diabetes, and that this figure is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 with an additional 175 million cases currently undiagnosed. Individuals with T2DM are at a significantly higher risk of co-morbidities particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, pre-diabetes independently...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2377-3634/1410048
Why, When and How We Propose Withdrawal Insulin Treatment in Type 2 Insulin Resistant Diabetes
Andreu Nubiola, Imma Remolins and Miquel Nubiola
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: November 17, 2015
Insulin treatment is the choice in insulinopenic diabetic patients, in order to prevent or delay microvascular lesions, related to hyperglycaemia. However in insulin resistant type 2 diabetes, the improvement in glycaemic control with insulin, is not without side effects, especially weight gain and hypoglycaemia. Many retrospective or case-control studies of insulin treatment have reported a higher prevalence of CVD in insulin-treated patients. However, many of these patients started insulin the...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-4053.1510007
In Your Dreams - A Case of Presumed Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit
Michelle B Collier, Stephanie D Nichols and John J Campbell
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: December 01, 2015
Unlike dyssomnias that influence quality and duration of sleep, parasomnias primarily affect behavior. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by loss of normal skeletal muscle atonia during REM sleep. Usually, atonia occurs through neural inhibition via pontine nuclei to spinal motor neurons. Dysfunction, due to lesions or neurodegeneration, can lead to dream enactment. Therefore, sleepers may act violently, including: hitting, jumping, or kicking......
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3397/1410035
Pain Management in Knee Arthroplasty: An Overview
Md Quamar Azam, Mir Sadat-Ali and Ahmed Bader
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: December 28, 2015
Perioperative pain management after knee arthroplasty has undergone a conceptual revolution in the last decade. Along with other exciting innovations, including minimally invasive techniques, computer-assisted procedures and a significant stride in tribology, understanding pain modulation and drug action at molecular level is recognized as the game changer in arthroplasty surgeries....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3397/1410034
Anti-Rotational Plates with Intramedullary Nailing Stabilize Femoral Shaft Fracture Nonunion: A Biomechanical Study
Xianzhi Ma, Manyi Wang, Bosong Zhang, Zhendong Wang, Yunbang Lang and Xiaofeng Gong
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: December 28, 2015
Intramedullary nailing (IM) is the primary method for treating nonunion of femoral shaft fractures. However, with the advancement of IM technique and the increasing clinical indications, the incidence rate of femoral shaft fracture nonunion, according to the literature review, was 0.8-2%. Regarding its treatment, exchanging intramedullary nailing is considered as the golden standard treatment for femoral shaft fracture nonunion, with a cure rate of up to 70-100%....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3397/1410033
Current Aspects of ABO-Incompatible Liver Transplantation
Naoki Kawagishi, Noriaki Ohuchi and Susumu Satomi
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: December 23, 2015
Liver transplantation is well recognized as treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Although the source of donors is limited, ABO blood type matched transplantation is commonly performed in deceased donor liver transplantation. On the other hand, where deceased donors are rarely available, a graft obtained from a family member of the recipient is mainly employed and thus ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) becomes unavoidable. This review article descr...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3397/1410032
Ranking and Rating Analyses of Barriers to Surgical Care for Children in Guatemala
Brian C Gulack, Shirin Heydari, Ligia Figueroa, Shannon Tew, Brad M Taicher, Sherry S Ross, David Boyd and Henry E Rice
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: November 20, 2015
Barriers to surgical care in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain poorly understood. This is particularly true of surgical care for children, where families are required to make complex decisions amidst multiple obstacles. Unmet surgical care contributes to at least 11% of the global burden of disease. For many disease processes in children, surgery is a cost-effective health intervention, as it results in a high degree of averted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with costs compa...