Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510021

Epidemiology of Zoonotic Diseases in the United States: A Comprehensive Review

Adekunle Sanyaolu, Chuku Okorie, Nasima Mehraban, Oladapo Ayodele, Sarah K Tshitenge, Rochelle Knox, Elda Mullaj, Aaron Nandzo, Ayman El-Samman, Steven Neshewat and Sinthy Vivek

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 15, 2016

Zoonotic diseases or infections (Zoonoses) are ailments that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans (or vice versa). These diseases are transmitted either by the consumption of contaminated food and water, exposure to the pathogen during preparation, processing or by direct contact with infected animals or humans. Zoonotic diseases have a significant effect on public health worldwide, showing a higher incidence rate in developing countries due to lack of control strategies, as well as ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510020

Prevalence and Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adult Sickle Cell Disease Patients Living in France

Jean-Benoit Arlet, Cloe Comarmond, Anoosha Habibi, Katia Stankovic, Jean-Antoine Ribeil, Marilucy Lopez Sublet, Louis Affo, Christelle Chantalat Auger, Marie-Anne Bouldouyre, Justine Gellen-Dautremer, Sylvain Le Jeune, Elena Fois, Latifatou Boukari, Veronique Perronne, Denis Vincent, Jacques Pouchot, Djamal Khimoud, Francois Lionnet and Patrice Cacoub

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 14, 2016

The relationship between HCV infection and complications of sickle cell disease SCD has not been reported. To determine prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adult patients with SCD, and to analyze the relationship between HCV infection and SCD complications. A total of 267 SCD patients were included. A standardized questionnaire was filled out, including history and complications of SCD, and the status and main characteristics of HCV infection....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510019

Antiretroviral Therapy Utilization in the Intensive Care Unit

Mia N Barnes, Monika N Daftary, Mary K Maneno and Faria F Farhat

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: November 14, 2016

Although clinical advances have been demonstrated through the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the management of an HIV infected patient within the intensive care unit (ICU) has been a topic of controversy due to the lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines to assist in the management of HIV patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The objective of this study was to examine ART utilization in the medical ICU and to assess relationships between therapy, clinical characteristics and mor...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510018

Effectiveness of SP-IPTp for Malaria and Evidence for the Need of T. Gondii Infection Preventive Policy during Pregnancy in Ghana

Reginald Arthur-Mensah Jnr, Emmanuel Awusah Blay, Irene Ayi, John Larbi, Takashi Suzuki and Nobuo Ohta

Article Type: Original Research | First Published: September 13, 2016

Malaria and toxoplasmosis during pregnancy are each reported to cause severe negative consequences in both mother and child. In Ghana, efforts are ongoing to control malaria from all facets but there is no such effort yet for control of toxoplasmosis. In this study, we sought to estimate the prevalence of Plasmodium spp and T. gondii infections in mothers at delivery and their neonates in a malaria holo-endemic area where Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive therapy for malaria in ...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5734/1510035

Stability of Temporary Orthodontic Implants after Dynamic Load Cycles

Flavia Almeida Barbosa, Alexandre Barboza, Daniel Jogaib Fernandes and Carlos Nelson Elias

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 22, 2016

Depending on application, different materials can be addressed for screws, including commercially pure titanium when osseointegration is desired or different other types of titanium alloys when just a temporary implantation period is planned. Because in most cases, these devices are outlined for limited time, primary stability is prioritized instead of osseointegration potential....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510047

On the Tip of the Tongue: Tongue Necrosis as the Initial Presentation of Systemic Vasculitis in Adult and Pediatric Patients - Case Reports and a Literature Review

Reshmi Raveendran, Sharon Banks, Michael Beck, Shirley Albano-Aluquin, Shyam Sabat and Barbara Ostrov

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: November 28, 2016

Tongue necrosis is a rare manifestation of large to medium vessel vasculitis. It has rarely been reported in adults and children. We present two cases of tongue necrosis in adult and pediatric patients with pathologically different etiologies related to different subsets of vasculitis and review their clinical course. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review of the literature on the vasculitides which cause tongue necrosis in adults and children which include giant cell arteritis...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-1353/1510040

Malignant Epignathus with Intra Cranial Extension: A Very Unusual Case

Aynur Mustafa, Zehra Bozdag, Neslihan Bayramoglu Tepe and Huseyin Caglayan Ozcan

Article Type: Case Report | First Published: November 16, 2016

Epignathus or oropharyngeal teratomas are extremely rare congenital neoplasms that arise from the oral cavity or pharynx. Teratomas commonly occur in sacrococcygeal region. However, less than 5% occur in the head and neck. Malignant teratomas account 5%-30% of all teratomas. We present an unusual case of immatureoropharyngeal teratoma that arises from sphenoid with intracranial extension, in a 22 weeks female fetus. There are many types of head and neck tumors, so we should always keep in mind e...

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-570X/1410042

Advancing Research in Regeneration and Repair of the Motor Circuitry: Non-Human Primate Models and Imaging Scales as the Missing Links for Successfully Translating Injectable Therapeutics to the Clinic

Magdalini Tsintou, Kyriakos Dalamagkas and Nikos Makris

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: October 28, 2016

Regeneration and repair is the ultimate goal of therapeutics in trauma of the central nervous system (CNS). Stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI) are two highly prevalent CNS disorders that remain incurable, despite numerous research studies and the clinical need for effective treatments. Neural engineering is a diverse biomedical field that addresses these diseases using new approaches. Research in the field involves principally rodent models and biologically active, biodegradable hydrogels....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3690/1510020

Can Effective Treatment of Resistant and Uncontrolled Hypertension Improve Outcomes from Atrial Fibrillation Ablation?

Eysenck W and Sulke N

Article Type: Review Article | First Published: October 26, 2016

In recent years, there has been great interest in non-pharmacological methods to manage uncontrolled and resistant hypertension. Renal denervation and formation of a central iliac anastomosis are examples. In addition, renal denervation has yielded promising results in the prevention and treatment of AF. We have analysed the potential explanations for this in detail. A central iliac arteriovenous anastomosis, meanwhile, reduces arterial stiffness which is not targeted by sympathomodulation....

 Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3516/1410061

Smoking Habit in Adult Population from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

Valmore Bermudez, Edgar Miquilena, Juan Salazar, Robys Gonzalez, Luis Carlos Olivar, Maria Jose Calvo, Roberto Anez, Jose R Rivas-Rios and Joselyn Rojas

Article Type: Research Article | First Published: November 06, 2016

A descriptive, cross-sectional research study, framed in the study Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Maracaibo city conformed by 2,212 adults of both genders; based on the medical information the individuals were classified in smokers, non-smokers and former smokers. Quantitative variables were expressed as medians and qualitative variables as absolute and relative frequencies, using χ2 for significance and Z test for difference of proportions....