Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-1353/1510087
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: What Crucial Information can Imaging Add to the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis?
William M McGarry and Sonya Bhole
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: January 03, 2019
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with many distinct subtypes having extremely different presentations, biological aggressiveness, and response to therapy. Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype with significant clinical implications because of its poor prognosis and aggressive behavior. It has distinct imaging features, often presenting as a mass with typically benign features on mammography and ultrasound and more suspicious findings on magnetic resonance imaging. Triple-negative b...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3674/1510061
Efficacy of Cervical Immobilization in Multiple Trauma Patients
S Cacho Garcia, D Pena Otero and M Eguillor Mutiloa
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: January 03, 2019
Immobilization is one of the most used procedures to prevent spinal cord injury in multiple trauma patients in prehospital setting. However, its protocolary use has historical principles rather than a scientific origin. Although this technique restricts the movement of the injured spine, there is no evidence supporting its use in all patients suffering from trauma. The concept of multiple trauma includes all those patients who have traumatic injuries that affect at least two or more organs (or m...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3656/1410250
A Case of Secondary Aortoduodenal Fistula Diagnosed by Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Kyosuke Goda, Masanori Kawaguchi and Akiko Shiotani
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: January 03, 2019
A 64-year-old man underwent vascular graft surgery for an abdominal aortic aneurysm one year previously. Using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), he was definitively diagnosed as having an aortoenteric fistula (AEF) and underwent an urgent surgical procedure for treatment. Generally, the prognosis in cases of AEF after vascular graft operation remains poor, and the survival rate in cases of AEF that require surgery is low. We report this case of AEF because EGD played a significant role in its ea...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3656/1410249
Case Report and Review of Literature: An Overlap Syndrome of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Charelle Salem, Elie Makhoul and Tony El Murr
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: January 03, 2019
Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic necroinflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology associated with circulating autoantibodies and high serum globulin level. Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a disease of unknown etiology in which tissues and cells are damaged by pathogenic autoantibodies and immune complex, affecting multiple organs including the liver, kidney, and CNS. AIH has been considered to occur infrequently in SLE. We report a 42-year-old female patient with an overlap syndro...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510094
Medical Student and Resident Burnout: A Review of Causes, Effects, and Prevention
Amir Mian, Dahye Kim, Duane Chen and Wendy L Ward
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: December 31, 2018
Professional burnout is a multi-dimensional phenomenon, which may result from prolonged unhealthy occupational stress. Symptoms in burnout cluster in three domains: emotional exhaustion, feeling isolated, and low work satisfaction. Medical students and residents are at particular risk because of their dual student pressures and in-training clinical care responsibilities. Common sources of personal and professional stressors include lack of time for leisure activities, inordinate workloads and sl...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-567X/1510046
Understanding the Facts and Minding the Gap of (HIV-1/HIV-2) Primate Research and Infectious Disease Laboratories in Africa
Chika Ejikeugwu, Peter Eze, Ifeanyichukwu Iroha, Charles Esimone, Michael Adikwu and Hirofumi AKARI
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: December 31, 2018
With over 2 million annual new infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, and more than 30 million HIV-1 infected people around the globe, the HIV-1 pandemic has continued to remain a front burner in the medical research community and an important public health debate. Till date, there is still no cure or vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Though current antiretroviral therapy (ART) is potent enough to reduce viral load of the infection to below detectable limits (< 50 copies/ml), antiretrovi...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/iaim-2017/1710010
ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in the Elderly over 75 Years: Retrospective Study in a General Hospital
Abrar-Ahmad ZULFIQAR MD, MSc and Marphy KERIF MD
Article Type: Brief Report | First Published: December 31, 2018
Data on ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients aged over 75 years remains sporadic. The prognosis for ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients is bleak. Mortality at one year in patients aged over 80 years is very high. We describe a series of elderly patients over 75 years treated by emergency physicians in pre-admissions or in emergency wards presenting with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction, and we compare these data with a second group of patients aged below...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/ijfa-2017/1710021
Midfoot Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Mohamad Alqubaisi and Carlo Ross
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: December 29, 2018
Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a syndrome that was first described over 300 years ago. Sir William Musgrave was the first person to define neuropathic osteo-arthropathy in 1703 as an arthralgia whereby he described that syphilis was the supreme cause. 178 years later, Jean-Martin Charcot, (1825-1893) gave a thorough description on the condition in the year 1886. Consequently, the condition was named after him. Charcot defined the condition as a continuous, denervation-induced decadence of the ...