Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510332
Transport Mobility During Beginning of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Short Case Report of Germany
Hakan Lane, PhD , Michal Valko, Philipp Otto and Mehmet Sahin
Article Type: Original Article | Publication Updated: September 10, 2025
This paper analyzes the complex association between the stringency of restrictions, public mobility, and reproduction rate (R-value) on a national level for Germany. The main findings are that: i) Government restrictions have a high association with reduced public mobility, especially for nonfood stores and public transport; ii) Out of six measured public mobility, retail, recreation, and transit station activities have the most significant impact on COVID-19 reproduction rates; iii) A mobility ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-3907/1710075
Urine Toxicology and Delay of Mandibular Fracture Treatment: A Literature Review
Noopoor Akruwala, DMD, Hillel Ephros, DMD, MD and Richard Szumita, DDS
Article Type: Literature Review | Publication Updated: November 22, 2025
Mandible fractures are among the most common facial trauma injuries treated in emergency departments and oral and maxillofacial surgery practices. These fractures are associated with falls or motor-vehicle accidents, but are often due to interpersonal violence, and may present as an isolated serious injury in an otherwise intact patient. Substance use makes each of these mechanisms of injury more likely and is disproportionately represented in patients who present with fractured mandibles....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2377-9004/1410270
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Consanguineous Communities: Genetic, Epigenetic, and Clinical Insights
Yahya Aljarad and Amal Owaydah
Article Type: Review Article | Publication Updated: September 18, 2025
This systematic review draws together current findings from high-impact medical literature to examine whether Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and consanguinity might be linked. Consanguinity - marriage between biologically related individuals - remains common in parts of the world and is known to increase autozygosity. That genetic effect could matter for a complex, multifactorial condition like PCOS, by both exposing recessive genetic variants and shifting overall polygenic risk....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4474/1710173
The Armored Brain: A Rare Case of Shunt Disconnection without Ventricular Dilatation - Case Report and Literature Review
Emna Elouni, Atef Ben Nsir, Asma Elmir, Lobna Mahjoub and Wiem Boudabbous
Article Type: Case Report | Publication Updated: September 08, 2025
We report the case of a 27-year-old male with a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement at 8 months of age for congenital hydrocephalus. He presented to the emergency department two days after a minor cervical trauma, exhibiting signs of intracranial hypertension and a rapid decline in consciousness. On examination, his Glasgow Coma Scale score was 12/15. Cervical spine radiography revealed a disconnection of the shunt tubing at the cervical level....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-3286/1510100
Screening for Chronic Kidney Disease in the Adult Population of Brazzaville (Congo), March 2024
Eyeni Sinomono Daniel Tony, Richard Moukengue Loumingou, Princia Mvoungou Ondouma, Gael Honal Mahoungou and Eric Gandzali Ngabe
Article Type: Original Research Article | Publication Updated: September 09, 2025
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, often underdiagnosed due to its silent progression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of kidney disease markers and identify associated factors in the general adult population of Brazzaville. A quarter of the adult population of Brazzaville has at least one marker of kidney disease. These results, well above regional averages, highlight the urgent need to implement targeted screening and prevention...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-346X/1410163
Not All Subfoveal Hard Exudates Lead to a Bad Visual Prognosis: A Case Report
Jacob Morgan, Briana Krustinger, Katia Castillo, Levent Akduman, and Sandeep Saxena
Article Type: Case Report | Publication Updated: September 15, 2025
In literature, hard exudates are associated with poor, longterm visual acuity due to the oxidative stress and scarring that lipids and lipoproteins generate within the retinal tissue. The fovea is particularly susceptible to this oxidative damage due to its delicate blood supply. This report demonstrates that the long-lasting effects of hard exudates on visual acuity and retinal architecture are a spectrum. The discussed patient is a sixty-two-year-old female who presented with a dense scatterin...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4148/1710024
Cortico-Striatal Pathway Alterations in Autism
Castillo-Padilla , Colin-Mendez and Ramos-Languren
Article Type: Review Article | Publication Updated: September 13, 2025
The specific neurological mechanisms underlying widespread motor stereotypes and social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unknown. However, strong evidence supports a genetic influence on ASD. In this work, we analyze the role of corticostriatal pathway dysfunction in a core symptom of ASD. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor social communication, cognitive deficits, and stereotyped or repetitive behavior (American Psychiatric Association (APA)....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5807/1510164
Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Associated with GNAS Mutation in a Patient with Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Benjamin H Perkins, John E Madewell, Nina Tamirisa, Beatriz E Adrada, Wendong Yu and Lavinia P Middleton
Article Type: Case Report | Publication Updated: September 15, 2025
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign neoplasm of bone which is primarily characterized by the inability of bone-forming tissue to produce mature lamellar bone, instead arresting as woven bone. FD may be present in one bone (monostotic) or have multiple foci (polyostotic). Additionally, FD lesions may occur alone or as a part of broader diseases such as McCune-Allbright syndrome (MAS) and Mazabraud's syndrome. The primary cause of FD are mutations in the GNAS gene which encodes the GsĪ± subunit of ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3674/1510170
Significance of Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring for Neurological Outcomes in Aortic Surgery
Kyoko Hayashida, Yutaka Okita, Keizo Watanabe, Shunsuke Ogura and Masaki Tani
Article Type: Original Article | Publication Updated: October 02, 2025
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is commonly used for monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) during cardiac surgery, but its relationship with postoperative neurological complications is unclear. In aortic surgery, NIRS is thought to be useful for detecting cerebral hypoperfusion, including unilateral perfusion abnormalities. Considering recent similar applications, we investigated rSO2 changes measured by NIRS during rewarming in aortic surgery and their as...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5831/1510058
Using Previous Longitudinal Group Randomized Rural Weight Loss Study Data to Design A Prospective Rural Weight Loss Trial
Alexandra R Brown, Byron J Gajewski, Matthew S Mayo, Edward F Ellerbeck and Christie A Befort
Article Type: Original Article | Publication Updated: October 27, 2025
Considerations must be taken when designing group-randomized trials due to the hierarchical structure of the data. Longitudinal group-randomized trials have an added layer of nesting adding more complexity to the study design. Simulation studies have been performed to compare the operating characteristics and validate statistical models for these hierarchical data structures, but many provide simulations from parametric distributions under set assumptions....