Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3516/1410126
Paediatric Empyema Thoracis: Roles and Outcomes of Surgical Intervention in Advanced Disease
YL Ho, M Fauzi, Sothee K, A Salleh, AY Khamis and Basheer A Kareem
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: January 03, 2020
Empyema thoracis has become increasingly common in paediatric population. Antibiotics and thoracostomy have been the cornerstones in managing stage 1 empyema, where as management of stage 2-3 empyema remains controversial. Surgical intervention is perceived to be associated with high morbidity and protracted recovery. This paper reviews the roles and outcomes of surgical decortication, and to provide data for comparison with other treatment modalities. Thirty children (median age 5.2 years, rang...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4571/1710014
Case Series Synopsis: Gaucher Disease Type 1 Patients Treated with Eliglustat over 6 Years
Cristina Fraga, Sonia Medeiros, Sara Serpa and David Silva
Article Type: Case Series | First Published: January 08, 2020
Gaucher disease (GD) type 1 is a lysosomal storage disorder associated with bone disease, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Here we present a case series from 5 (3 females and 2 males) Portuguese individuals from a single institution with GD type 1 who were treated with substrate-reduction therapy (eliglustat, 84 mg once or twice daily) for 6-years. Four cases were switched from IV imiglucerase (28 U/kg q2 week [n = 1]) or 45 U/kg q2 week [n = 3]) and one was enzyme-replacement th...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5734/1510105
Amnion-Chorion Strips in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis, Report of a Case
Mohamed A Maksoud, DMD
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: January 04, 2020
Dental implant disease described as Peri-implantitis is bacterial inflammation of the implant surrounded soft and hard tissue that can lead to bone loss and eventual failure of the implant fixture. Several protocols have been introduced to treat implantitis including the use of systemic and local antibiotics in addition to bone grafting in advanced cases. Although the treatment outcome is effective in the early to moderate cases its unpredictable in cases with severe bone loss. Human placental t...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/1410095
Towards a Biological Definition of Alzheimer Disease
Kurt A Jellinger, MD
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: January 08, 2020
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a heterogenous syndrome with various pathobiologically defined subtypes. The clinical diagnosis of probable AD is enabled by the recent ATN biomarker system, but the definite diagnosis is only possible at post-mortem according to the updated NIA-AA criteria. The recent developments in the clinical and neuropathological diagnosis of AD including its specific subtypes improving the evaluation of AD and its impact on public health are bri...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3001/1410094
Polymyositis in Adamantiades-Behcet's Disease
Carlos Arteaga Rodriguez, MD, MSc, Otto J Hernandez Fustes, MD, MSc, Renato Puppi Munhoz, MD, PhD and Olga Judith Hernandez Fustes, MD, MSc
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: January 04, 2020
Although Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease (ABD) has a worldwide distribution, it is considered rare in the Americas, with a prevalence of 0.12-0.33:100.000 in the United States. The characteristic triad of recurrent oral aphthous lesions, genital ulcers and iridociclitis occurring more often in young adults during their third or fourth decade of life was initially described by Hippocrates but gained it's classic eponym to acknowledge the Greek ophthalmologist from Asia Minor (nowadays part of A...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3419/1410129
Candidate Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes Associated with Endometrial Cancer Risk (United States)
Jane A McElroy, Robin L Kruse, J David Robertson, Helen Yampara-Iquise, Elizabeth C Bryda and Jeremy F Taylor
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: December 30, 2019
Exploration of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the expression or function of a gene may enable the development of diagnostics for endometrial cancer susceptibility. We evaluated eleven candidate SNPs that have previously been reported in the literature or that are associated with cadmium sequestering (i.e., metallothionein) for their effects on endometrial cancer risk. We also predicted haplotypes for SNPs within genes on chromosomes 6, 14 and X and tested haplotype effects for...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2377-4630/1410101
General Anesthesia Affecting on Developing Brain: Evidence from Animal to Clinical Research
Xinyue Liu, MD, Jing Ji, MD and Guo-Qing Zhao, MD, PhD
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: January 04, 2020
As the recent update of General Anaesthesia compared to Spinal anaesthesia (GAS) studies has been published in 2019, together with other clinical evidence, the human studies provided an overwhelming mixed evidence of an association between anaesthesia exposure in early childhood and later neurodevelopment changes in children. Pre-clinical studies in animals provided strong evidence on how anaesthetic and sedative agents (ASAs) causing neurotoxicity in developing brain and deficits in long-term c...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4016/1710015
How Long Do We Need to Restrict Weight Bearing after Fixation of Pediatric Femur Fractures?
Amy N Ford, MD, Elizabeth A Harkin, MD, Joseph Romano, MD, William D Lack, MD, Hobie D Summers, MD and Joseph B Cohen, MD
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: January 06, 2020
Surgical management of pediatric femur fractures is accomplished with intramedullary nailing or plate fixation. These fractures heal quickly with a low incidence of complications, although there is a paucity of evidence on how long postoperative weight bearing restrictions need to be in place or whether they are even necessary at all. The objectives of this study are to compare methods of fixation of pediatric femur fractures and postoperative weight bearing protocols and to correlate these with...