Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5750/1510087
Skin Manifestations and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: First the Egg or the Chicken?
Fabiana Tezza, MD, PhD, Giustina De Silvestro, MD, and Gino Gerosa, MD
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 27, 2020
In Europe the outbreak due to SARS-CoV-2 took place in Lombardia and Veneto regions which are located in northern Italy. As April 30th, in Italy there were a total of 205,463 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases, with 18,149 in-hospital patients and 27,967 COVID-19 related deaths. Patients with COVID-19 have a wide range of symptoms: Fever, dry cough and dyspnea being the most common; other symptoms can include myalgia or fatigue, runny nose, diarrhea and vomiting. Some patients might experience anosmia an...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-584X/1510075
Covid-19: Gastroenterology Perspectives
Natassia Vianna Bocchese, Noele Gurgel Dávila, Maria Beatriz Maia Rodrigues, Rebecca Renata Lapenda do Monte, Renata Carneiro Melo, Amália Cinthia Meneses Rêgo and Irami Araújo- Filho
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: June 29, 2020
The clinical syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 was called COVID-19 and became a pandemic from March 2020. Fever, dry cough, and dyspnoea are the predominant clinical manifestations of the disease. However, symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort can also be found in infected patients. Despite the increased prevalence since the second phase of the recent epidemic in China, scientific evidence on the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 has received little attentio...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-567X/1510066
Sapling and Handling of COVID-19 Patients in India
Nihar Gupta, Shweta Bahadure, Obaid Noman and Arvind Bhake
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: June 27, 2020
This is a review article on how we can sample the COVID-19 patients, what samples can be obtained, what are the procedures to collect those samples and the precautions some laboratory personnel need to take while processing the samples. This review article mainly focuses on the various methods used in India while sampling COVID-19 patients. For now, RT-PCR is the most reliable test for COVID-19 detection. Few rapid test kits were introduced by ICMR, but now have been withdrawn as they were showi...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3516/1410134
Effusions Everywhere
Robert Maximos and Lisa N Glass
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 26, 2020
The use of immunotherapy agents is expanding in oncology patients. These medications, known as checkpoint inhibitors, promote patient T-cell based immune responses against malignancy. The currently available classes include PD-1 inhibitors, PDL-1 inhibitors and CTLA4 inhibitors. As the use of the immunotherapy agents is increased, more knowledge of adverse reactions is gained. Immune related adverse events in multiple organ systems may occur. The most common toxicities associated with checkpoint...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3672/1410052
COVID-19: A Cure and Preventive Options
Dr. Roli Jain and Dr. Archana Panday
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: June 29, 2020
The world encounters the episode of coronavirus infection that undetermined worldwide pandemic in 2002-2003 by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and in 2011 by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 indicate similar, but distinct genome composition of SARSCoV and MERS-CoV. The World Health Organization (WHO) also declared a global emergency on January 31st due to increasing concerns over its fast spread, and on March 11th the disease was recognized as ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4474/1710038
Axis Metastasis, Atlantoaxial Dislocation and Cervical Syringomyelia: A Case Report
Ismail Latifaci, MD, Selcuk Gozcu, MD and Ahmet Celal Iplikcioglu
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 19, 2020
Syringomyelia associated with atlantoaxial dislocation is usually described in patients with complex craniovertebral junction anomaly. However, atlantoaxial dislocation without craniovertebral junction bony anomaly very rarely causes syringomyelia. In this report, we describe a case of syringomyelia associated with atlantoaxial dislocation secondary to metastatic tumour of the axis vertebra. Syringomyelia is characterized by the presence of a fluid filled cystic cavity within the spinal cord. Ce...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-4474/1710036
Ossified Cephalhematoma: How to Differentia it from Intradiploic Hematoma: Case Report
Selçuk Gözcü and Ahmet Celal İplikçioğlu
Article Type: Case Report | First Published: June 18, 2020
Ossified cephalhematoma is rare and usually occur in newborns due to birth injury. Some ossified cephalhematomas can resorb spontaneously while others require surgery because of cosmetic reasons. Simple excision of new bone is usually sufficient. It should be also differentiated from another clinical entity called intradiploic hematoma which requiers surgery. In reported cases, of infant intradiploic hematoma cases clinical and radiologicial findings are similar to those of ossified cephalhemato...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510136
The Emergent Pandemic- A Review on Coronavirus SARSCov- 2: Virology, Pathogenesis and Outbreak
Dr. Karan R Shah, Dr. Dipika B Utekar, Dr. Shital S Nikam, Dr. Ajay R Bhoosreddy and Dr. Seema R Patil
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: June 26, 2020
The coronaviruses have been found to affect the human life and ecosystem since past few years now. First the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), then MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and now the recent infection caused by yet another category of coronaviruses have proved to be fatal to human life. In December 2019, few cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were reported in the Hubei province of Wuhan City, China. Later after thorough investigations it was found that these patients wer...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510134
The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Infectious Diseases
Scott Zimmerman
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: June 19, 2020
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in spring/summer air and water reach germicidal levels. It is proposed that variations in naturally occurring ROS are the primary cause of influenza seasonality. Recent NIH and DHS COVID-19 aerosol and droplet log kill measurements do not account for this natural germicidal effect leading to over estimations of halflife for the virus in real world conditions. A new formulation of the Wells Riley equation is proposed that includes ROS and viral load factors. It is pr...