Open Access DOI:10.23937/2474-3658/1510224
Sexual Behaviors and HIV Status: A Population-Based Study among Youths and Adults in Tanzania
Adeleye Ayinde Adaralegbe, MD, Ph.D, Oluwatomi Adeoti, MD, MPH, Stephanie C Ogbonda, MD, Obiageri E Egeolu, MBBS and Nnenna Ann Ukoha, MBBS
Article Type: Original Research | First Published: August 25, 2021
HIV remains a global epidemic in the world, especially in African countries, despite various efforts to reduce the spread of this disease. Eastern Africa nations, specifically Tanzania, are one of the top ten HIV infected countries with approximately 80% of its population living with HIV. Heterosexual intercourse remains the most common method of HIV transmission in these countries, and efforts that improve responsible sexual intercourse would help limit the spread of the virus. We used the publ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5858/1510122
Neighborhood Predictors of Mental Health of Older Americans: Evidence from a 5-year Longitudinal Study
Adeleye A Adaralegbe, MD, PhD, Ngozi J Adaralegbe, MD, PhD, Ami Moore, PhD, MPH, CPH, Ayodeji Emmanuel Iyanda, PhD, Ayodele Olawaye, MBBS, Opeyemi Aroyewun, MD, Esther Ezeani, MD, Oladoyin Okunola, BA and Olumide Ayeni, MBBS
Article Type: Original Research | First Published: August 27, 2021
Two waves of publicly available longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were utilized. A hierarchical multiple regression model analysis was employed to explore the association between neighborhood factors and mental health. The secondary data contained a cohort of 1,731 older adults. Outcome measures were depression using the 11-item CES-Depression Scale and anxiety using the 7-item HADS Anxiety Scale. The predictors were four neighborhood factors: Soc...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5858/1510121
A Healthcare Providers View: Taking the Covid Vaccine - A Selfish or Selfless Act?
Rene’ Wren, OTD, OTR, BCG
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: August 27, 2021
Healthcare practitioners take an oath to do-no-harm to those we serve and help to protect against health illnesses. The Covid-19 virus is an illness that has potential deadly consequences. With the development of the Covid-19 vaccine there is new found hope against this deadly virus. Taking the vaccine is a personal choice but providers must weight their personal feelings against those sworn duties to help treat and protect the public and society at large. Taking the vaccine is a selfless act an...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-461X/1710052
COVID 19 and Neglected Tropical Diseases in Africa: Perspectives from Ghana
Emmanuella Nzeribe, Melody Okereke, Isaac Olushola Ogunkola, Mashkur Abdulhamid Isa, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi and Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: August 28, 2021
Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency, the attention of the global community has been shifted towards interventions and efforts to curb the pandemic at the detriment of other diseases, including Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). Prior to the emergence of COVID-19 in Africa, Ghana has recorded some progress in the economy which has translated to an overall expectation of a decline in the incidence of NTDs and other poverty-related diseases in the cou...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-461X/1710051
Factors Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area of Recent Emergence in Inner Brazil
José Cláudio Simão, Cassiano Victória and Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza
Article Type: Field Research | First Published: August 21, 2021
Study of the spatial distribution of general VL and VL-HIV coinfection in the city of Bauru - SP, Brazil between 2003 to 2016. The cases were georeferenced and attributed to the Census sectors using demographic, socioeconomic and urban infrastructure predictors. The incidence in these sectors was analyzed in univariate and multivariate one-step Poisson regression models. The cumulative incidence rates of LV and LVHIV (per 100,000 inhab.) In this period were 131.1 and 19.7, respectively. In the u...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5769/1510078
The Use of Hypnosis for the Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis: Myth or Reality?
Anna Maria Della Grotta, MD and Alessandro Boscarelli, MD
Article Type: Commentary | First Published: August 30, 2021
Nocturnal enuresis is a common condition which may be cause of considerable psychological distress especially in children. Despite poor evidence across the literature, hypnosis could have an important role as first-line treatment option for primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Nocturnal enuresis, also called bed-wetting or night-time incontinence, is a common condition which may be cause of considerable psychological distress especially in children. Nocturnal enuresis refers to the involu...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-346X/1410129
Preoperative Evaluation in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Secondary Penetrating Keratoplasty Graft Failure
Khaled Safadi, Ron Kaufman, Eleanor Nche, Denise Wajnsztajn and Itay Lavy
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: August 28, 2021
Over the past decade, Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP) graft failure has been increasingly managed by Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). Moreover, Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) is becoming as essential modality for perioperative evaluation. Our aim is to share important surgical considerations and modifications based on preoperative evaluation using AS-OCT and, consequently, present our clinical and surgical outcomes of DMEK performed for secondary PKP graf...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-3885/1710061
Comparison of Neurovascular Structures at Risk during Ankle Arthroscopy: A Cadaveric Study
Ramez Sakkab, DPM, Varsha Salunkhe, DPM, Monica Jung, DPM, MS, Kristina Corley, DPM, Jae Yoon Kim, DPM and Gautam Sowda, BS
Article Type: Original Research | First Published: August 30, 2021
Arthroscopy has become increasingly common for diagnosis and treatment of ankle joint pathology. The four most common portals used for ankle arthroscopy are the anteromedial (AM), anterolateral (AL), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL). And anatomy of neurovascular structures (NVS) along the ankle can significantly vary. The distance of NVS was compared to anatomic landmarks of ankle arthroscopic portals to verify safe zones for scope insertion. Twenty-six fresh-frozen cadavers were util...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2643-3885/1710060
Alignment-Free Joint Angles Measurement Using Virtual Reference Coordinate System
John Pontius and Seung-Jae Kim
Article Type: Original Research | First Published: August 29, 2021
In order to overcome the difficulty in aligning specimens accurately within a reference system for angular kinematic measurements, a method of using a virtual reference coordinate system was designed and implemented in conjunction with using an optical motion capture device. The virtual coordinate system is created by digitizing three identifiable points in space. In this way, angular measurements of specimens can be described with respect to the virtual coordinate system to be anatomically rele...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3419/1410157
Proposed Biology of the Spontaneous Remission of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Behzad Niakan
Article Type: Clinical Case | First Published: August 30, 2021
Case Reports of the Spontaneous regression or remission of hepatocellular carcinoma was studied. Two common factors were noted among the prolonged spontaneous remission or regression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Low blood oxygen and a short and steady or rapid growth of hepatocellular carcinoma before the spontaneous remission or regression of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that the rapid growth of the hepatocellular carcinoma faced with low blood oxygen has possibly resulted in the h...