Open Access DOI:10.23937/2572-3243.1510009
Radiographic Follow-up of Transforaminal Lumbar Fusion with Silicon Nitride Spacers: A case Report of Two Patients
Jim A Youssef, Sue Lynn Myhre and B. Sonny Bal
Article Type: Original Article | First Published: March 28, 2016
When non operative actions for degenerative spinal disorders fall flat, surgical intervention frequently becomes the popular choice of treatment. Although the class of pathology matters, the surgical operation will generally include an arthrodesis procedure. The gravity of a successful initial fusion surgery is intensified not only by the growing number of arthrodesis procedures, but also by the rising costs for revisal operations. Additionally, fusion success appears to have an impact on patien...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5726/1510034
HLA-DR Frequency in Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lung Affection
Maria do Socorro Teixeira Moreira Almeida, Joao Vicente Moreira Almeida, Manoel Barros Bertolo, Catarina Fernandes Pires and Viriato Campelo
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: April 01, 2016
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease whose etiology is unknown, while its immunopathogenesis involves the participation of both genetic and environmental factors. Human leukocyte antigen DR4 (HLA-DR4) exhibits a strong association with RA in various populations and ethnic groups; in addition, a heightened frequency of HLA-DR1 among individuals with RA has been found in some populations....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5726/1510033
Novel Application of Behavioral Assays Allows Dissociation of Joint Pathology from Systemic Extra-Articular Alterations Induced by Inflammatory Arthritis
Ann K Harvey, Mariah J Lelos, Claire J Greenhill, Ashley T Jones, Susanne P Clinch, Michael J Newton, Stephen B Dunnett, Sean L Wyatt, Anwen S Williams and Simon A Jones
Article Type: Research Article | First Published: April 01, 2016
Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of articular joints, patients often suffer from co-morbid neuropsychiatric changes, such as anxiety, that may reflect links between heightened systemic inflammation and abnormal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we apply behavioral neuroscience methods to assess the impact of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) on behavioral performance in wild type (WT) and interleukin-10 deficient (Il10-/-) mice. Our aim was to identi...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2378-3648/1410022
Microevolutionary History of Helicobacter Pylori During Infection: A Review
Mendoza-Elizalde S, Olivares-Cervantes AL, Zuniga G, Valencia-Mayoral P, Vigueras-Galindo JC and Velazquez-Guadarrama N
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: April 13, 2016
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that has evolved with humans, is transmitted from person to person and persistently colonizes the stomach. During its long coexistence with humans, H. Pylori has developed complex strategies to limit the degree and extent of inflammation and damage to the gastric mucosa. It is capable of altering the physiology and immune response of the host, thereby allowing it to persist throughout life. Infection with H. pylori has been linked to such diseases as severe gas...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510029
Prognosis of the Midlife-Elderly from ECG Testing to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Coronary Artery Disease
Stephanie B Mohammed, Andanappa Gadad, B Shivananda Nayak and Vishi Beharry
Article Type: Original Research | First Published: April 01, 2016
We investigated midlife-elderly patients enrolled for echocardiography and the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). This was a cross sectional study. Patients (n = 236) enrolled for echocardiography (ECG) over the age of 30 were selected regardless of their chief complaint and those presented with chest pain were a key feature in this study. Patients free from known disease of age below 30 were excluded from the study. We investigated consented ...
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-5793/1510028
Cervicofacial Actinomycosis
Martin Cabrejas BM, Gargantilla Madera P and Pintor Holguin E
Article Type: Short Review | First Published: March 25, 2016
Actinomycosis is an infectious disease with a world-wide distribution caused by anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria residing in the oral cavity. Actinomycosis is often difficult to diagnose as it can mimic numerous infectious and noninfectious diseases. It is nowadays uncommon in Europe and the possibility that we may face a patient with actinomycosis is therefore underestimated....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-584X/1510019
Helicobacter Pylori: A Review of Epidemiology, Treatment, and Management
Yana Thaker, Andrew Moon and Anita Afzali
Article Type: Review Article | First Published: April 09, 2016
Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative, helical bacilli that live in the gastric epithelium was first isolated in 1983. It was discovered by Marshall and Warren who cultured Campylobacter pyloridis, which was later reclassified as Helicobacter pylori. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral, gastro-oral, or oral-oral routes....
Open Access DOI:10.23937/2469-567X/1510018
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) Associated Macrocytosis
Wesley D. Kufel, Cory M. Hale, Eric F. Sidman, Cesar E. Orellana and Christopher D. Miller
Article Type: Short Review | First Published: March 31, 2016
Macrocytosis has been associated with several disease states, vitamin deficiencies, and medications, with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) being a less commonly identified cause. NRTIs are frequently utilized as the two-drug backbone for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Amongst the NRTI drug class, zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T) are the most widely reported cause of macrocytosis. Fortunately, AZT and d4T have become less commonly used therapies, as ne...