Study

Exposure

Outcome

Follow up (years)

Results

Blackwell [31]

Sleep disturbance (actigraphy)

CI (TMT-Trails B)

3.5

SE < 70 vs. ≥ 70: adj OR 1.53 (95%CI 1.07 to 2.18)

WASO < 90 vs. ≥ 90: adj OR 1.47 (95%CI 1.09 to 1.98)

No. of long wake episodes < 8 vs. ≥ 8. adj OR: 1.38 (95%CI 1.02 to 1.86)

Sleep disturbance (ESS)

≤ 10 vs. 10: adj OR 1.27 (95%CI 0.87 to1.87)

Sleep disturbance (PSQI)

 ≤ 5 vs. > 5 adj OR: 1.16 (95%CI 0.86, 1.55)

Sleep disturbance (actigraphy)

CI (3MS)

SE < 70 vs. ≥ 70: adj OR 1.17 (95%CI 0.88, 1.54)

WASO < 90 vs. ≥ 90: adj OR 1.15 (95%CI 0.92, 1.45)

No. of long wake episodes < 8 vs. ≥ 8. adj OR: 1.36 (95%CI 1.09, 1.71)

Sleep disturbance (ESS)

 ≤ 10 vs. 10: adj OR 0.97 (95%CI 0.71, 1.34)

Sleep disturbance (PSQI)

≤ 5 vs. > 5: adj OR: 0.89 (95%CI 0.71, 1.11)

Bokenberger [32]

Sleep disturbance (KSQ)

Dementia (ICD-10)

up to 17

Time in bed

≤ 6 h: adj HR 1.40 (95%CI 1.06–1.85)

> 9 h adj HR 1.11 (95%CI 1.00–1.24) compared with middle reference group

Rise time

8 AM or later adj HR 1.12 (95%CI 1.01-1.24)

Sleep quality index

adj HR 0.93 (95%CI 0.85-1.01)

Restorative sleep index

adj HR 0.94 (95%CI 0.80-1.09)

Chen [34]

Insomnia (ICD-9-CM)

Dementia (ICD-9-CM)

3

adj HR 2.34 (95%CI 1.92-2.85)

Diem [35]

Sleep disturbance (Actigraphy)

Mild CI or dementia

2

SE < 74% vs. SE > 86%: adj OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.07, 2.19;

Elwood [36]

Insomnia (WSQ)

Vascular dementia or CI

10

Insomnia: adJ OR: 2.32 (95%CI 1.05 to 5.11)

Daytime sleepiness: adj OR: 3.15 (95%CI 1.76 to 5.63)

Non-vascular dementia or CI

Insomnia: adJ OR: 1.02 (95%CI 0.54 to 1.94)

Daytime sleepiness: adj OR: 1.35 (95%CI 0.88 to 2.07)

Hoile [43]

Insomnia (red code on primary care dataset)

Dementia (red code on primary care dataset)

5-10

Adj OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.50)

Hung [37]

Insomnia (ICD-9-CM)

Dementia (ICD 9-CM)

3

Adj HR: 2.14 (95%CI 2.01 to 2.29)

Lin [38]

SRMD (ICD-9-CM)

Dementia, Alzheimer disease (ICD 9-CM)

5

Adj HR: 3.952 (95%CI 1.124 to 2.767)

Potvin [39]

Sleep disturbance (PSQI)

CI (MMSE)

1

Women: adj OR: 1.02 (95%CI 0.96-1.10)

Men: adj OR 1.17 (95%CI 1.05-1.30)

Yaffe [42]

Any sleep disturbance, insomnia (ICD 9-CM)

dementia (ICD 9-CM)

8

any sleep disturbance: adj HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.34

insomnia: adj HR: 1.29, 95% CI:1.20, 1.39