Table 3: Poor sleep quality measures according to types of Adverse Childhood Experiences*.
|
|
Sleep Apnea or Other Sleep Disorder |
|||
|
|
Yes |
No |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Yes |
173 |
24 |
1.81 (1.09, 2.99) |
2.01 (1.12, 3.61) |
|
No |
443 |
32 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Yes |
94 |
14 |
1.74 (0.99, 3.07) |
1.97 (1.01, 3.84) |
|
No |
522 |
42 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Yes |
58 |
9 |
1.73 (0.89, 3.37) |
1.77 (0.80, 3.93) |
|
No |
558 |
47 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Yes |
47 |
8 |
1.87 (0.93, 3.75) |
1.95 (0.84, 4.54) |
|
No |
569 |
48 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Yes |
80 |
10 |
1.41 (0.74, 2.68) |
1.59 (0.75, 3.41) |
|
No |
536 |
46 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Yes |
161 |
18 |
1.30 (0.76, 2.23) |
1.30 (0.70, 2.40) |
|
No |
455 |
38 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Yes |
178 |
28 |
2.26 (1.38, 3.72) |
2.93 (1.63-5.25) |
|
No |
438 |
28 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Yes |
43 |
9 |
2.28 (1.19, 4.39) |
2.33 (1.02, 5.35) |
|
No |
573 |
47 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Yes |
110 |
14 |
1.47 (0.83, 2.61) |
1.72 (0.85, 3.46) |
|
No |
506 |
42 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Yes |
58 |
13 |
2.56 (1.45, 4.52) |
3.15 (1.54, 6.44) |
|
No |
558 |
43 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation or rejection |
||||
|
Yes |
91 |
21 |
3.00 (1.82, 4.95) |
3.92 (2.11, 7.30) |
|
No |
525 |
35 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
* Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
**Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Breathing Pauses |
|||
|
|
Yes |
No |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
177 |
20 |
1.07 (0.65, 1.77) |
1.07 (0.60, 1.92) |
|
Unexposed |
430 |
45 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
94 |
14 |
1.43 (0.82, 2.50) |
1.68 (0.87, 3.25) |
|
Unexposed |
513 |
51 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
62 |
5 |
0.75 (0.31, 1.81) |
0.62 (0.23, 1.65) |
|
Unexposed |
545 |
60 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
48 |
7 |
1.35 (0.65, 2.82) |
1.42 (0.59, 3.44) |
|
Unexposed |
559 |
58 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
78 |
12 |
1.46 (0.81, 2.63) |
2.06 (1.01, 4.20) |
|
Unexposed |
529 |
53 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
163 |
16 |
0.90 (0.53, 1.54) |
0.86 (0.46, 1.60) |
|
Unexposed |
444 |
49 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
190 |
16 |
0.74 (0.43, 1.27) |
0.87 (0.47, 1.61) |
|
Unexposed |
417 |
49 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
107 |
17 |
1.57 (0.93, 2.63) |
1.68 (0.87, 3.24) |
|
Unexposed |
500 |
48 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
56 |
15 |
2.54 (1.51, 4.28) |
2.90 (1.48, 5.68) |
|
Unexposed |
551 |
50 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation/rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
94 |
18 |
1.91 (1.16, 3.17) |
2.29 (1.23, 4.25) |
|
Unexposed |
513 |
47 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Neighborhood considered “dangerous” |
||||
|
Exposed |
16 |
5 |
2.58 (1.16, 5.76) |
2.51 (0.81, 7.77) |
|
Unexposed |
591 |
60 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Loud Snoring |
|||
|
|
Yes |
No |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
141 |
56 |
1.07 (0.82, 1.40) |
1.10 (074, 1.63) |
|
Unexposed |
349 |
126 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
74 |
34 |
1.20 (0.88, 1.64) |
1.41 (0.88, 2.26) |
|
Unexposed |
416 |
148 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
48 |
19 |
1.05 (0.70, 1.57) |
1.02 (0.56, 1.85) |
|
Unexposed |
442 |
163 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
37 |
18 |
1.23 (0.82, 1.84) |
1.41 (0.75, 2.63) |
|
Unexposed |
453 |
164 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
67 |
23 |
0.94 (0.64, 1.36) |
1.14 (0.67, 1.94) |
|
Unexposed |
423 |
159 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
136 |
43 |
0.85 (0.63, 1.15) |
0.78 (0.52, 1.19) |
|
Unexposed |
354 |
139 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
149 |
57 |
1.03 (0.79, 1.35) |
1.23 (0.83, 1.82) |
|
Unexposed |
341 |
125 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Exposed |
32 |
20 |
1.47 (1.02, 2.13) |
1.61 (0.86, 3.00) |
|
Unexposed |
458 |
162 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
81 |
43 |
1.37 (1.03, 1.81) |
1.69 (1.07, 2.67) |
|
Unexposed |
409 |
139 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
38 |
33 |
1.87 (1.41, 2.50) |
2.51 (1.48, 4.25) |
|
Unexposed |
452 |
149 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation or rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
78 |
34 |
1.15 (0.84, 1.57) |
1.28 (0.80, 2.03) |
|
Unexposed |
412 |
148 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Neighborhood considered “dangerous” |
||||
|
Exposed |
12 |
9 |
1.61 (0.97, 2.69) |
1.95 (0.76, 5.01) |
|
Unexposed |
478 |
173 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Short Sleep Duration |
|||
|
|
< 7 hours |
7 hours or more |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
141 |
56 |
1.14 (0.87, 1.50) |
1.12 (0.76, 1.65) |
|
Unexposed |
357 |
118 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
81 |
27 |
0.96 (0.67, 1.37) |
0.92 (0.57, 1.50) |
|
Unexposed |
417 |
147 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
45 |
22 |
1.31 (0.90, 1.89) |
1.37 (0.78, 2.39) |
|
Unexposed |
453 |
152 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
36 |
19 |
1.38 (0.93, 2.03) |
1.41 (0.77, 2.58) |
|
Unexposed |
462 |
155 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
64 |
26 |
1.14 (0.80, 1.62) |
1.25 (0.75, 2.08) |
|
Unexposed |
434 |
148 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
131 |
48 |
1.05 (0.79, 1.40) |
1.03 (0.69, 1.54) |
|
Unexposed |
367 |
126 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
156 |
50 |
0.91 (0.69, 1.21) |
0.91 (0.62, 1.35) |
|
Unexposed |
342 |
124 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Exposed |
34 |
18 |
1.38 (0.92, 2.05) |
1.36 (0.73, 2.53) |
|
Unexposed |
464 |
156 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Incarceration of a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
20 |
9 |
1.21 (0.69, 2.11) |
1.31 (0.57, 3.00) |
|
Unexposed |
478 |
165 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
83 |
41 |
1.36 (1.02, 1.82) |
1.36 (0.87, 2.13) |
|
Unexposed |
415 |
133 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
43 |
28 |
1.62 (1.18, 2.24) |
1.79 (1.06, 3.01) |
|
Unexposed |
455 |
146 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation/rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
82 |
30 |
1.04 (0.74, 1.46) |
0.99 (0.62, 1.59) |
|
Unexposed |
416 |
144 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Neighborhood considered “dangerous” |
||||
|
Exposed |
13 |
8 |
1.49 (0.85, 2.62) |
1.51 (0.60, 3.83) |
|
Unexposed |
485 |
166 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Difficulty Falling or Staying Asleep |
|||
|
|
Sometimes/Often |
Never/Rarely |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
93 |
104 |
1.05 (0.89, 1.23) |
1.06 (0.75, 1.49) |
|
Unexposed |
236 |
239 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
42 |
66 |
1.24 (1.05, 1.48) |
1.55 (1.01, 2.37) |
|
Unexposed |
287 |
277 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
32 |
35 |
1.03 (0.81, 1.31) |
0.99 (0.59, 1.66) |
|
Unexposed |
297 |
308 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
20 |
35 |
1.27 (1.03, 1.58) |
1.61 (0.90, 2.89) |
|
Unexposed |
309 |
308 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
40 |
50 |
1.10 (0.90, 1.35) |
1.08 (0.68, 1.70) |
|
Unexposed |
289 |
293 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
73 |
106 |
1.23 (1.06, 1.43) |
1.52 (1.07, 2.17) |
|
Unexposed |
256 |
237 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
83 |
123 |
1.26 (1.09, 1.47) |
1.58 (1.12, 2.22) |
|
Unexposed |
246 |
220 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Exposed |
19 |
33 |
1.27 (1.02, 1.58) |
1.71 (0.94, 3.11) |
|
Unexposed |
310 |
310 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Incarceration of a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
8 |
21 |
1.45 (1.14, 1.83) |
2.50 (1.08, 5.81) |
|
Unexposed |
321 |
322 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
56 |
68 |
1.09 (0.91, 1.31) |
1.12 (0.74, 1.69) |
|
Unexposed |
273 |
275 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
21 |
50 |
1.44 (1.22, 1.71) |
2.62 (1.52, 4.53) |
|
Unexposed |
308 |
293 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation or rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
38 |
74 |
1.38 (1.17, 1.61) |
2.00 (1.30, 3.08) |
|
Unexposed |
291 |
269 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Neighborhood considered “dangerous” |
||||
|
Exposed |
5 |
16 |
1.52 (1.18, 1.95) |
3.23 (1.15, 9.09) |
|
Unexposed |
324 |
327 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Feeling Poorly Rested in the Morning |
|||
|
|
Sometimes/Often |
Never/Rarely |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
59 |
138 |
1.02 (0.91, 1.14) |
1.05 (0.72, 1.52) |
|
Unexposed |
149 |
326 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
25 |
83 |
1.14 (1.01, 1.28) |
1.55 (0.96, 2.52) |
|
Unexposed |
183 |
381 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
14 |
53 |
1.16 (1.02, 1.33) |
1.79 (0.96, 3.34) |
|
Unexposed |
194 |
411 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
9 |
46 |
1.23 (1.09, 1.40) |
2.40 (1.14, 5.05) |
|
Unexposed |
199 |
418 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
24 |
66 |
1.07 (0.94, 1.23) |
1.23 (0.74, 2.04) |
|
Unexposed |
184 |
398 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
51 |
128 |
1.05 (0.94, 1.17) |
1.15 (0.79, 1.69) |
|
Unexposed |
157 |
336 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
50 |
156 |
1.15 (1.04, 1.27) |
1.54 (1.05, 2.25) |
|
Unexposed |
158 |
308 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Exposed |
11 |
41 |
1.16 (0.99, 1.34) |
1.75 (0.87, 3.51) |
|
Unexposed |
197 |
423 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
27 |
97 |
1.17 (1.05, 1.30) |
1.75 (1.08, 2.83) |
|
Unexposed |
181 |
367 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
16 |
55 |
1.14 (0.99, 1.31) |
1.68 (0.93, 3.04) |
|
Unexposed |
192 |
409 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation or rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
25 |
87 |
1.15 (1.03, 1.29) |
1.70 (1.05, 2.76) |
|
Unexposed |
183 |
377 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Trouble Staying Awake During the Day |
|||
|
|
Sometimes/Often |
Never/Rarely |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
133 |
64 |
1.17 (0.91, 1.50) |
1.20 (0.83, 1.74) |
|
Unexposed |
343 |
132 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
71 |
37 |
1.22 (0.91, 1.63) |
1.27 (0.81, 1.98) |
|
Unexposed |
405 |
159 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
45 |
22 |
1.14 (0.79, 1.64) |
1.12 (0.64, 1.94) |
|
Unexposed |
431 |
174 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
31 |
24 |
1.57 (1.13, 2.17) |
1.82 (1.03, 3.24) |
|
Unexposed |
445 |
172 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
56 |
34 |
1.36 (1.01, 1.82) |
1.49 (0.93, 2.40) |
|
Unexposed |
420 |
162 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
119 |
60 |
1.22 (0.95, 1.56) |
1.27 (0.87, 1.85) |
|
Unexposed |
357 |
136 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
140 |
66 |
1.15 (0.90, 1.47) |
1.19 (0.83, 1.98) |
|
Unexposed |
336 |
130 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Exposed |
31 |
21 |
1.43 (1.00, 2.04) |
1.60 (0.88, 2.90) |
|
Unexposed |
445 |
175 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Incarceration of a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
14 |
15 |
1.84 (1.27, 2.67) |
2.74 (1.28, 5.88) |
|
Unexposed |
462 |
181 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
81 |
43 |
1.24 (0.94, 1.64) |
1.28 (0.83, 1.98) |
|
Unexposed |
395 |
153 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
40 |
31 |
1.59 (1.18, 2.13) |
2.00 (1.20, 3.33) |
|
Unexposed |
436 |
165 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation or rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
69 |
43 |
1.41 (1.07, 1.84) |
1.57 (1.02, 2.41) |
|
Unexposed |
407 |
153 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Neighborhood considered “dangerous” |
||||
|
Exposed |
10 |
11 |
1.84 (1.20, 2.82) |
2.72, (1.11, 6.68) |
|
Unexposed |
466 |
185 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.
|
|
Number of Poor Sleep Quality Indicators |
|||
|
|
3 or more |
Less than 3 |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted** Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
Parental separation, divorce, abandonment |
||||
|
Exposed |
109 |
88 |
1.18 (0.97, 1.43) |
1.24 (0.88, 1.76) |
|
Unexposed |
295 |
180 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
55 |
53 |
1.29 (1.03, 1.60) |
1.53 (1.00, 2.34) |
|
Unexposed |
349 |
215 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Emotional neglect |
||||
|
Exposed |
37 |
30 |
1.14 (0.86, 1.51) |
1.13 (0.67, 1.90) |
|
Unexposed |
367 |
238 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Physical abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
23 |
32 |
1.52 (1.19, 1.94) |
2.03 (1.14, 3.61) |
|
Unexposed |
381 |
236 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Sexual abuse |
||||
|
Exposed |
47 |
43 |
1.24 (0.97, 1.57) |
1.45 (0.92, 2.30) |
|
Unexposed |
357 |
225 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Problematic alcohol or drug use in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
100 |
79 |
1.15 (0.94, 1.41) |
1.22 (0.86, 1.75) |
|
Unexposed |
304 |
189 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mental illness in a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
115 |
91 |
1.16 (0.96, 1.41) |
1.33 (0.94, 1.88) |
|
Unexposed |
289 |
177 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Mother treated violently |
||||
|
Exposed |
24 |
28 |
1.39 (1.06, 1.82) |
1.63 (0.91, 2.93) |
|
Unexposed |
380 |
240 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Incarceration of a household member |
||||
|
Exposed |
12 |
17 |
1.50 (1.09, 2.07) |
2.15 (1.00, 4.66) |
|
Unexposed |
392 |
251 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Low socioeconomic status |
||||
|
Exposed |
58 |
66 |
1.44 (1.18, 1.76) |
1.80 (1.19, 2.73) |
|
Unexposed |
346 |
202 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer victimization |
||||
|
Exposed |
25 |
46 |
1.75 (1.43, 2.14) |
2.90 (1.72, 4.90) |
|
Unexposed |
379 |
222 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Peer isolation or rejection |
||||
|
Exposed |
51 |
61 |
1.47 (1.21, 1.80) |
1.94 (1.28, 2.94) |
|
Unexposed |
353 |
207 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
|
Neighborhood considered “dangerous” |
||||
|
Exposed |
6 |
15 |
1.84 (1.38, 2.45) |
3.58 (1.34, 9.58) |
|
Unexposed |
398 |
253 |
1.00 (ref) |
1.00 (ref) |
*Results based on fewer than five individuals in any category were omitted from the table.
** Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal education, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.