Table 2: Poor sleep quality measures according to number of reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE).

 

Poor Sleep Quality Category

Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted* Risk Ratio (95% CI)

Sleep apnea or other sleep disorder

Yes

No

 

 

Any ACE

44

402

1.86 (1.00, 3.45)

2.10 (1.06, 4.16)

One ACE

6

142

0.76 (0.29, 1.98)

0.64 (0.22, 1.86)

2-3 ACEs

17

146

1.96 (0.96, 4.00)

2.71 (1.17, 6.30)

4+ ACEs

21

112

2.95 (1.50, 5.80)

3.91 (1.70, 8.99)

No ACEs

12

214

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Breathing pauses

Yes

No

 

 

Any ACE

44

402

1.06 (0.65, 1.74)

1.12 (0.63, 1.99)

One ACE

10

139

0.72 (0.35, 1.49)

0.74 (0.33, 1.68)

2-3 ACEs

15

148

0.99 (0.53, 1.86)

1.05 (0.49, 2.22)

4+ ACEs

19

115

1.53 (0.85, 2.73)

2.02 (0.95, 4.31)

No ACEs

21

205

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Loud Snoring

Yes

No

 

 

Any ACE

120

326

0.98 (0.76, 1.27)

1.00 (0.68, 1.47)

One ACE

34

115

0.83 (0.58, 1.20)

0.83 (0.50, 1.37)

2-3 ACEs

41

122

0.92 (0.65, 1.29)

0.88 (0.53, 1.43)

4+ ACEs

45

89

1.22 (0.89, 1.68)

1.42 (0.84, 2.39)

No ACEs

62

164

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Short sleep duration

Yes

No

 

 

Any ACE

122

324

1.18 (0.90, 1.58)

1.18 (0.80, 1.74)

One ACE

36

113

1.05 (0.72, 1.52)

1.00 (0.60, 1.65)

2-3 ACEs

46

117

1.23 (0.87, 1.73)

1.28 (0.79, 2.08)

4+ ACEs

40

94

1.30 (0.91, 1.85)

1.29 (0.76, 2.19)

No ACEs

52

174

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Difficulty falling or staying asleep

Sometimes/Often

Rarely/Never

 

 

Any ACE

252

194

1.40 (1.17, 1.68)

1.88 (1.34, 2.63)

One ACE

77

72

1.28 (1.03, 1.60)

1.51 (0.99, 2.32)

2-3 ACEs

92

71

1.40 (1.14, 1.73)

1.93 (1.26, 2.93)

4+ ACEs

83

51

1.54 (1.25, 1.89)

2.23 (1.39, 3.58)

No ACEs

91

135

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Feeling poorly rested in the morning

Sometimes/Often

Rarely/Never

 

 

Any ACE

328

122

1.17 (1.04, 1.32)

1.60 (1.13, 2.27)

One ACE

107

44

1.15 (0.99, 1.33)

1.49 (0.95, 2.33)

2-3 ACEs

114

52

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

1.36 (0.87, 2.10)

4+ ACEs

107

29

1.26 (1.10, 1.45)

2.06 (1.23, 3.47)

No ACEs

140

86

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Trouble staying awake during the day

Sometimes/Often

Rarely/Never

 

 

Any ACE

148

298

1.56 (1.18, 2.07)

1.79 (1.22, 2.63)

One ACE

47

102

1.49 (1.05, 2.10)

1.67 (1.03, 2.69)

2-3 ACEs

49

114

1.42 (1.00, 2.00)

1.61 (1.00, 2.59)

4+ ACEs

52

82

1.83 (1.31, 2.54)

2.16 (1.30, 3.61)

No ACEs

48

178

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Number of poor sleep quality indicators

3 or more

Less than 3

 

 

Any ACE

198

248

1.43 (1.15, 1.79)

1.72 (1.22, 2.44)

One ACE

58

91

1.26 (0.95, 1.66)

1.41 (0.90, 2.19)

2-3 ACEs

68

95

1.35 (1.03, 1.76)

1.55 (1.00, 2.40)

4+ ACEs

72

62

1.73 (1.35, 2.23)

2.30 (1.42, 3.71)

No ACEs

70

156

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

*Adjusted for assigned sex at birth, age at questionnaire completion, maternal educational level, paternal occupation, and number of older siblings.