Table 1: Prevalence
of affective disorders before surgery.
Author
and Publication year |
Country |
Study
features |
N
Participants |
Mean
age |
Sex |
Other features of the study |
Surgery/Setting |
Instruments |
Results |
Da
Silva et al. 2015 [34] |
Marseille
(France) |
Retrospective
study |
92 |
/ |
/ |
Focusing on lifetime mood disorders prevalence |
Candidates
to surgery |
Standardized evaluation of psychiatric comorbidity |
Lifetime mood disorders prevalence: 33 % bipolar
disorder, 29 % depressive disorder. 48
% of patients suffering from bipolar disorder were previously diagnosed as
suffering from major depressive disorder. 60 % of the patients suffering from
major depressive disorder were not considered to have any mood disorder. |
Grothe
KB et al. 2014 [31] |
Rochester
(MN-USA) |
Retrospective
study |
935 |
47.4
± 12.3 years |
75%
F |
Bipolar
disorder prevalence |
Candidates
to surgery |
Mood Disorder Questionnaire
(MDQ); BDI-II |
5.8% of the preoperative sample screened positive
for symptoms of BD, 22% of BD patients underwent bariatric surgery. |
Duarte-Guerra LS et
al. 2014 [32] |
Sao
Paulo, Brazil |
Retrospective
study |
393 |
43 |
79.1%
F |
To replicate previous findings on frequency of
psychiatric disorders and associated factors among obese patients seeking
bariatric surgery |
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID-I |
Current anxiety disorders 46.3%; lifetime
psychiatric disorders 80.9%; lifetime affective disorders 64.9%, bipolar
disorders 35.6%, depressive disorders 29.3%. |
Salwen
JK et al. 2014 [30] |
New
York |
Retrospective
study |
187 |
|
|
Childhood abuse and adult interpersonal abuse
prevalence |
Candidates
to surgery |
|
61% childhood abuse, 30.5% adult interpersonal
abuse, 15% depressive symptoms. |
Hayden
MJ et al. 2014 [36] |
Australia |
Prospective
observational study |
204 |
|
|
To evaluate the comorbidity Axis I; follow up study
(2 years), |
LAGB
|
|
39.7% Axis I, Mood disorders 26.5%, Anxiety
disorders 15.2%, BED 13.2%. After surgery: Axis I 20%. |
Lin
HY et al. 2013 [37] |
Taiwan |
Retrospective
study |
841 |
|
M/F |
Patients
2007-2010 |
Bariatric surgery vs
Non-surgical |
Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire
(TDQ); Chinese Health
Questionnaire (CHQ), SCID |
42% mental disorders, mood disorders 27% in surgical
group. |
Mitchell
et al. 2012 [103] |
Pittsburgh
(USA) |
Retrospective
study |
199 |
46 |
M/F |
Current and lifetime Axis I disorders |
LAGB,
RYGB |
Longitudinal Assessment of bariatric Surgery |
MDD
lifetime 38.7%, MDD current 7%. |
Hayden
MJ et al., 2012 [33] |
Melbourne
(Australia) |
Observational
study |
201 |
|
|
Evaluate BDI validity in obese patients |
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID-I,
BDI-I, BDI IA |
26.9%
(54) Mood Disorders, 37 MDD. |
Alciati A. et
al. 2011 [105] |
Milan
(Italy) |
Retrospective
study |
120 |
44.4
± 10.7 (bipolar spectrum); 41.6 ± 10.9 (no psychiatric disorders) |
17m/55
F (bipolar spectrum |
To evaluate the rate of childhood parental loss and
relation with bipolar spectrum |
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID-CV semi-structured interview related to
childhood parental loss |
91.7% had a bipolar spectrum disorder; 28% reported
a childhood parental loss, more frequent in BD II. |
Abiles
V et al. 2010 [106] |
Granada
(Spain) |
Observational
study |
50 patients (26 type III Obesity, 24 type IV
Obesity) and 25 normal-weight controls |
O-IV
38.54; O-III 39.31; CN 40.72 |
M/F |
To analyze the
psychopathological characteristics of obese candidates for bariatric surgery |
Candidates
to surgery |
General Health
Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Apgar Family Function
Questionnaire, Spanish version of the Quality of Life Index, Eysenck
Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait, Eating
Disorders Examination-Questionnaire Version-4 |
The depression score significantly differed among
groups, with the O-III and O-IV groups showing the highest values. |
Muhlhans
et al. 2009 [17] |
Erlangen
(Germany) |
Observational
study |
145 |
38.6
for F; 39.1 for M |
M/F
(146) |
To investigate the prevalence of Axis I
psychopathology in bariatric surgery candidates |
Candidates
to surgery |
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID);
Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) |
Lifetime
MDD 50.7%, current MDD 25.3%. |
Mauri
et al. 2008 [16] |
Pisa
(Italy) |
Observational
study |
282 |
|
M/F |
Prevalence Axis I-II and QoL |
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID I-II, Ham-D Bulimic Investigatory Test,
short-form Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire |
Lifetime Axis I 37.6%; Mood Disorders lifetime
22.0%, current MDD 4.5%. QoL significantly more
impaired in patients with comorbid Axis I. |
Wildes
JE et al. 2008 [107] |
Pittsburgh
(USA) |
Retrospective
study |
230 |
|
|
Childhood maltreatment and Axis I diagnosis |
Candidates
to surgery |
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, short form; SCID-I |
66% history of childhood maltreatment; elevated
rates of both unipolar and bipolar mood disorders. |
Kalarchian
et al. 2007 [15] |
|
Observational
study |
288 |
|
|
Prevalence
psychiatric disorders |
Candidates
to surgery |
|
Lifetime psychiatric disorders (66.3%); Bipolar
Disorder 1.4%. |
Alciati
et al. 2007 [12] |
Milan (Italy) |
Retrospective
study |
83 |
44.4
± 10.7 |
M/F |
To investigate the prevalence of bipolar spectrum
(including sybsyndromal hypomania) in patients
seeking surgical treatment). |
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID-CV questionnaire; Hypomania
Symptom Check list
(HCL-32) |
Bipolar spectrum disorder 89% of the sample, highest
prevalence BD -II, comorbidity with panic disorder 30%. |
Rosenburger
PH et al. 2006 [14] |
New
Haven (USA) |
Retrospective
study |
174 |
|
|
Current and lifetime psychiatric disorders and
association with eating disorders |
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID-I |
MDD
14.9% (Lifetime), 3.4% (Current). |
Sanchez-Romàn S. et al. 2003 [27] |
Mexico |
Retrospective
study |
70 |
49
+/-10.4 |
25
M, 35 F |
|
Candidates
to surgery |
SCID-I |
60% Axis I disorder, most frequent anxiety disorders
and mood disorders. |
F: Female; M: Male; RYGB:
Roux-Y-Gastric Bypass; LAGB: Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding; MDD:
Major Depressive Disorder; BD: Bipolar Disorder; BED: Binge Eating Disorder;
SCID-I: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I disorders; Ham-D:
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II); QoL: Quality of Life