Table 1: The peptidases involved in the infection and replication of CoVs.
Peptidase |
Catalytic type |
Function |
Origin |
CoV |
Reference |
Chymotrypsin-like peptidase 3CLpro (Mpro) |
Cysteine |
Polyprotein processing |
viral |
All |
Reviewed in [37] |
PLP PL1pro |
Cysteine |
Polyprotein processing, immune system evasion |
viral |
α-CoV (NL63, 229E), β -CoV (HKU1, OC43) |
Reviewed in [49] |
PLP PL2pro |
Cysteine |
Polyprotein processing, immune system evasion |
viral |
All |
Reviewed in [49] |
ACE2 |
Metallo (Zinc) |
Receptor |
Host |
SARS, NL63 |
Reviewed in [14,60] |
Aminopeptidase N |
Metallo (Zinc) |
Receptor |
Host |
229E |
[65] |
DPP4 |
Serine |
Receptor |
Host |
MERS |
[12] |
TMPRSS2 |
Serine |
Spike protein proteolytic activation |
Host |
SARS, MERS, 229E, OC43, HKU1, SARS-CoV-2 |
|
Cathepsins L and B |
Cysteine |
Spike protein proteolytic activation |
Host |
SARS, MERS |
ACE2: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; α-CoV: Alphacoronavirus; β-CoV: Betacoronavirus; CoV: Coronavirus; DPP4: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; PLP: Papain-Like Peptidase; MERS: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; Mpro: Main Peptidase; SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; SARS-CoV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; TMPRSS2: Transmembrane Peptidase/Serine Subfamily Member 2. Source: [31].