Table 4: Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors associated with normal weight central obesity (NWCO) in older hospitalized patients (n = 163).
|
Variable |
Eutrophy without abdominal obesity |
NWCO |
Excessive weight without abdominal obesity |
Excessive weight with abdominal obesity |
p-value* |
||||
|
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
|
Sex |
|||||||||
|
Men |
44 |
77.2 |
7 |
8.3 |
13 |
81.3 |
33 |
42.3 |
< 0.001 |
|
Women |
13 |
22.8 |
11 |
91.7 |
3 |
18.8 |
45 |
57.7 |
|
|
Age |
|||||||||
|
60-69 years |
33 |
57.9 |
3 |
25.0 |
10 |
62.5 |
48 |
61.5 |
0.377 |
|
70-79 years |
17 |
29.8 |
6 |
50.0 |
5 |
31.3 |
21 |
26.9 |
|
|
≥ 80 years |
7 |
12.3 |
3 |
25.0 |
1 |
6.3 |
9 |
11.5 |
|
|
Racial Classification |
|||||||||
|
White |
20 |
35.1 |
7 |
58.3 |
3 |
18.8 |
29 |
37.2 |
0.342
|
|
Multiracial |
20 |
35.1 |
4 |
33.3 |
8 |
50.0 |
33 |
42.3 |
|
|
Black |
17 |
29.8 |
1 |
8.3 |
5 |
31.3 |
16 |
20.5 |
|
|
Years of study |
|||||||||
|
≤ 9 years |
44 |
77.2 |
7 |
58.3 |
13 |
81.3 |
52 |
66.7 |
0.316 |
|
> 9 years |
13 |
22.8 |
5 |
41.7 |
3 |
18.8 |
26 |
33.3 |
|
|
Familiar income |
|||||||||
|
< 2 MW |
30 |
52.6 |
6 |
50.0 |
8 |
50.0 |
33 |
42.3 |
0.680 |
|
≥ 2 MW |
27 |
47.4 |
6 |
50.0 |
8 |
50.0 |
45 |
57.7 |
|
|
SAH |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
36 |
63.2 |
10 |
83.3 |
9 |
56.3 |
61 |
78.2 |
0.099 |
|
No |
21 |
36.8 |
2 |
16.7 |
7 |
43.8 |
17 |
21.8 |
|
|
DM |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
20 |
35.1 |
7 |
58.3 |
6 |
37.5 |
40 |
51.3 |
0.192 |
|
No |
37 |
64.9 |
5 |
41.7 |
10 |
62.5 |
38 |
48.7 |
|
|
Non-malignant disorders |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
38 |
34.5 |
8 |
7.3 |
12 |
10.9 |
52 |
47.3 |
0.935 |
|
No |
19 |
36.5 |
4 |
7.7 |
4 |
7.7 |
25 |
48.1 |
|
|
Malignant disorders |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
19 |
33.3 |
4 |
7.0 |
5 |
8.8 |
29 |
50.9 |
0.951 |
|
No |
38 |
35.8 |
8 |
7.5 |
11 |
10.4 |
49 |
46.2 |
|
|
Etilism |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
11 |
19.3 |
3 |
25.0 |
4 |
25.0 |
17 |
21.8 |
0.946 |
|
No |
46 |
80.7 |
9 |
75.0 |
12 |
75.0 |
61 |
78.2 |
|
|
Tabagism |
|||||||||
|
Smoker |
5 |
8.8 |
1 |
8.3 |
1 |
6.3 |
8 |
10.3 |
0.937 |
|
Non-smoker |
34 |
59.6 |
9 |
75.0 |
9 |
56.3 |
47 |
60.3 |
|
|
Ex-smoker |
18 |
31.6 |
2 |
16.7 |
6 |
37.5 |
23 |
29.5 |
|
|
Physical activity |
|||||||||
|
Sufficiently active |
13 |
22.8 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
31.3 |
16 |
20.5 |
0.226 |
|
Non-sufficiently Active |
44 |
77.2 |
12 |
100.0 |
11 |
68.8 |
62 |
79.5 |
|
|
Weight loss (≥ 5%) |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
40 |
70.2 |
10 |
83.3 |
6 |
37.5 |
36 |
46.2 |
0.004 |
|
No |
17 |
29.8 |
2 |
16.7 |
10 |
62.5 |
42 |
53.8 |
|
|
Calf circumference |
|||||||||
|
Low |
51 |
89.5 |
11 |
91.7 |
7 |
43.8 |
28 |
35.9 |
< 0.001 |
|
Normal |
6 |
10.5 |
1 |
8.3 |
9 |
56.3 |
50 |
64.1 |
|
|
Barthel Index |
|||||||||
|
Independent or Slightly dependent |
41 |
71.9 |
3 |
25.0 |
13 |
81.3 |
58 |
74.4 |
0.004 |
|
Moderate or severe dependent |
16 |
28.1 |
9 |
75.0 |
3 |
18.8 |
20 |
25.6 |
|
|
ASMI |
|||||||||
|
Low |
53 |
93.0 |
9 |
75.0 |
10 |
62.5 |
21 |
27.6 |
< 0.001 |
|
Normal |
4 |
7.0 |
3 |
25.0 |
6 |
37.5 |
55 |
72.4 |
|
|
Muscle strenght |
|||||||||
|
Low |
34 |
59.6 |
12 |
100.0 |
7 |
43.8 |
44 |
56.4 |
0.018 |
|
Normal |
23 |
40.4 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
56.3 |
34 |
43.6 |
|
|
Sarcopenia |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
32 |
56.1 |
9 |
75.0 |
4 |
25.0 |
12 |
15.8 |
< 0.001 |
|
No |
25 |
43.9 |
3 |
25.0 |
12 |
75.0 |
64 |
84.2 |
|
|
Frailty |
|||||||||
|
Yes |
40 |
70.2 |
11 |
91.7 |
8 |
50.0 |
47 |
60.3 |
0.049 |
|
No |
17 |
29.8 |
1 |
8.3 |
8 |
50.0 |
31 |
39.7 |
|
MW: Minimum Wage; SAH: Systemic Arterial Hypertension; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; BMI: Body Mass Index; ASMI: Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index; *Pearson chi-square.