Table 3: Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors associated with Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) in hospitalized older patients (n = 163).

Variables

Normal weight and normal body fat

NWO

Excessive weight and normal body fat

Excessive weight and increased body fat

p-value*

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

Sex

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.199

Men

36

65.5

8

61.5

25

45.5

22

55.0

Women

19

34.5

5

38.5

30

54.5

18

45.0

Age

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.249

60-69 years

29

52.7

7

53.8

37

67.3

21

52.5

70-79 years

20

36.4

3

23.1

15

27.3

11

27.5

≥ 80 years

6

10.9

3

23.1

3

5.5

8

20.0

Racial Classification

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.709

White

24

43.6

3

23.1

18

32.7

14

35.0

Multiracial

17

30.9

7

53.8

24

43.6

17

42.5

Black

14

25.5

3

23.1

13

23.6

9

22.5

Years of study

 

0.856

≤ 9 years

41

74.5

9

69.2

37

67.3

29

72.5

> 9 years

14

25.5

4

30.8

18

32.7

11

27.5

Familiar income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.358

< 2 MW

28

50.9

7

53.8

28

50.9

14

35.0

≥ 2 MW

27

49.1

6

46.2

27

49.1

26

65.0

SAH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.508

Yes

35

63.6

10

76.9

41

74.5

30

75.0

No

20

36.4

3

23.1

14

25.5

10

25.0

DM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.145

Yes

25

45.5

2

15.4

28

50.9

18

45.0

No

30

54.5

11

84.6

27

49.1

22

55.0

Non-malignant disorders

0.787

Yes

36

32.7

10

9.1

36

32.7

28

25.5

No

19

36.5

3

5.8

19

36.5

11

21.2

Malignant disorders

0.808

Yes

19

33.3

3

5.3

20

35.1

15

26.3

No

36

34.0

10

9.4

35

33.0

25

23.6

Etilism

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.989

Yes

11

20.0

3

23.1

12

21.8

9

22.5

No

44

80.0

10

76.9

43

78.2

31

77.5

Tabagism

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Smoker

4

7.3

2

15.4

4

7.3

5

12.5

 

Non-smoker

34

61.8

8

61.5

33

60.0

24

60.0

0.927

 

Ex-smoker

17

30.9

3

23.1

18

32.7

11

27.5

 

 

Weight loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.006

 

Yes

38

69.1

11

84.6

25

45.5

18

45.0

 

No

17

30.9

2

15.4

30

54.5

22

55.0

 

Calf circumference

< 0.001

 

Low

49

89.1

12

92.3

19

34.5

17

42.5

 

Normal

6

10.9

1

7.7

36

65.5

23

57.5

 

Physical activity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.479

 

Sufficiently active

 

10

18.2

3

23.1

15

27.3

6

15.0

 

Non-sufficiently

45

81.8

10

76.9

40

72.7

34

85.0

 

Barthel Index

0.384

 

Independent or

Slightly dependent

35

63.6

8

61.5

42

76.4

30

75.0

 

Moderate or severe dependent

20

36.4

5

38.5

13

23.6

10

25.0

 

 ASMI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

< 0.001

 

Low

48

87.3

13

100.0

13

23.6

19

50.0

 

Normal

7

12.7

0

0

42

76.4

19

50.0

 

Muscle strenght

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.487

 

Low

36

56.4

6

69.2

29

52.7

23

57.5

 

Normal

19

34.5

4

30.8

26

47.3

17

42.5

 

Sarcopenia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

< 0.001

 

Yes

31

56.4

6

69.2

5

9.1

12

31.6

 

No

24

43.6

4

30.8

50

90.9

26

68.4

 

Frailty

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.179

 

Yes

40

72.7

10

76.7

30

54.5

26

65.0

 

No

15

27.3

3

23.1

25

45.5

14

35.0

 

MW: Minimum Wage; SAH: Systemic Arterial Hypertension; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; BMI: Body Mass Index; ASMI: Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index; *Pearson chi-square.