Table 3: Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors associated with Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) in hospitalized older patients (n = 163).
Variables |
Normal weight and normal body fat |
NWO |
Excessive weight and normal body fat |
Excessive weight and increased body fat |
p-value* |
||||||||
|
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
n |
% |
|
||||
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.199 |
||||
Men |
36 |
65.5 |
8 |
61.5 |
25 |
45.5 |
22 |
55.0 |
|||||
Women |
19 |
34.5 |
5 |
38.5 |
30 |
54.5 |
18 |
45.0 |
|||||
Age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.249 |
||||
60-69 years |
29 |
52.7 |
7 |
53.8 |
37 |
67.3 |
21 |
52.5 |
|||||
70-79 years |
20 |
36.4 |
3 |
23.1 |
15 |
27.3 |
11 |
27.5 |
|||||
≥ 80 years |
6 |
10.9 |
3 |
23.1 |
3 |
5.5 |
8 |
20.0 |
|||||
Racial Classification |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.709 |
||||
White |
24 |
43.6 |
3 |
23.1 |
18 |
32.7 |
14 |
35.0 |
|||||
Multiracial |
17 |
30.9 |
7 |
53.8 |
24 |
43.6 |
17 |
42.5 |
|||||
Black |
14 |
25.5 |
3 |
23.1 |
13 |
23.6 |
9 |
22.5 |
|||||
Years of study |
0.856 |
||||||||||||
≤ 9 years |
41 |
74.5 |
9 |
69.2 |
37 |
67.3 |
29 |
72.5 |
|||||
> 9 years |
14 |
25.5 |
4 |
30.8 |
18 |
32.7 |
11 |
27.5 |
|||||
Familiar income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.358 |
||||
< 2 MW |
28 |
50.9 |
7 |
53.8 |
28 |
50.9 |
14 |
35.0 |
|||||
≥ 2 MW |
27 |
49.1 |
6 |
46.2 |
27 |
49.1 |
26 |
65.0 |
|||||
SAH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.508 |
||||
Yes |
35 |
63.6 |
10 |
76.9 |
41 |
74.5 |
30 |
75.0 |
|||||
No |
20 |
36.4 |
3 |
23.1 |
14 |
25.5 |
10 |
25.0 |
|||||
DM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.145 |
||||
Yes |
25 |
45.5 |
2 |
15.4 |
28 |
50.9 |
18 |
45.0 |
|||||
No |
30 |
54.5 |
11 |
84.6 |
27 |
49.1 |
22 |
55.0 |
|||||
Non-malignant disorders |
0.787 |
||||||||||||
Yes |
36 |
32.7 |
10 |
9.1 |
36 |
32.7 |
28 |
25.5 |
|||||
No |
19 |
36.5 |
3 |
5.8 |
19 |
36.5 |
11 |
21.2 |
|||||
Malignant disorders |
0.808 |
||||||||||||
Yes |
19 |
33.3 |
3 |
5.3 |
20 |
35.1 |
15 |
26.3 |
|||||
No |
36 |
34.0 |
10 |
9.4 |
35 |
33.0 |
25 |
23.6 |
|||||
Etilism |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.989 |
||||
Yes |
11 |
20.0 |
3 |
23.1 |
12 |
21.8 |
9 |
22.5 |
|||||
No |
44 |
80.0 |
10 |
76.9 |
43 |
78.2 |
31 |
77.5 |
|||||
Tabagism |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Smoker |
4 |
7.3 |
2 |
15.4 |
4 |
7.3 |
5 |
12.5 |
|
||||
Non-smoker |
34 |
61.8 |
8 |
61.5 |
33 |
60.0 |
24 |
60.0 |
0.927 |
|
|||
Ex-smoker |
17 |
30.9 |
3 |
23.1 |
18 |
32.7 |
11 |
27.5 |
|
|
|||
Weight loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.006 |
|
|||
Yes |
38 |
69.1 |
11 |
84.6 |
25 |
45.5 |
18 |
45.0 |
|
||||
No |
17 |
30.9 |
2 |
15.4 |
30 |
54.5 |
22 |
55.0 |
|
||||
Calf circumference |
< 0.001 |
|
|||||||||||
Low |
49 |
89.1 |
12 |
92.3 |
19 |
34.5 |
17 |
42.5 |
|
||||
Normal |
6 |
10.9 |
1 |
7.7 |
36 |
65.5 |
23 |
57.5 |
|
||||
Physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.479 |
|
|||
Sufficiently active
|
10 |
18.2 |
3 |
23.1 |
15 |
27.3 |
6 |
15.0 |
|
||||
Non-sufficiently |
45 |
81.8 |
10 |
76.9 |
40 |
72.7 |
34 |
85.0 |
|
||||
Barthel Index |
0.384 |
|
|||||||||||
Independent or Slightly dependent |
35 |
63.6 |
8 |
61.5 |
42 |
76.4 |
30 |
75.0 |
|
||||
Moderate or severe dependent |
20 |
36.4 |
5 |
38.5 |
13 |
23.6 |
10 |
25.0 |
|
||||
ASMI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
|
|||
Low |
48 |
87.3 |
13 |
100.0 |
13 |
23.6 |
19 |
50.0 |
|
||||
Normal |
7 |
12.7 |
0 |
0 |
42 |
76.4 |
19 |
50.0 |
|
||||
Muscle strenght |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.487 |
|
|||
Low |
36 |
56.4 |
6 |
69.2 |
29 |
52.7 |
23 |
57.5 |
|
||||
Normal |
19 |
34.5 |
4 |
30.8 |
26 |
47.3 |
17 |
42.5 |
|
||||
Sarcopenia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
< 0.001 |
|
|||
Yes |
31 |
56.4 |
6 |
69.2 |
5 |
9.1 |
12 |
31.6 |
|
||||
No |
24 |
43.6 |
4 |
30.8 |
50 |
90.9 |
26 |
68.4 |
|
||||
Frailty |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.179 |
|
|||
Yes |
40 |
72.7 |
10 |
76.7 |
30 |
54.5 |
26 |
65.0 |
|
||||
No |
15 |
27.3 |
3 |
23.1 |
25 |
45.5 |
14 |
35.0 |
|
MW: Minimum Wage; SAH: Systemic Arterial Hypertension; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; BMI: Body Mass Index; ASMI: Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index; *Pearson chi-square.