Table 1: Mean value and Standard Deviation of cognitive and motor performances in pre- and posttests for Dance Training (DT) and for Strength-endurance Training (SET) and quality of life (QoL).
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Dance Training (n = 11) |
Strength-Endurance-Training (n = 11) |
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Pre-Test |
Post-Test |
Pre-Test |
Post-Test |
p-value (ES) |
Post-hoc |
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M ± SD |
M ± SD |
M ± SD |
M ± SD |
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(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
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Cognition Test (CERAD) |
Verbal fluency (Category animals) [Max. Number in 60 sec.] |
5 ± 3.6 |
6.36 ± 3.8 |
5.82 ± 4.7 |
6.55 ± 5.5 |
0.03 (0.5) |
(1)-(2) 0.014 |
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MMSE [Total Points of max. 30] |
15.91 ± 4.5 |
15.36 ± 4.8 |
14.73 ± 5.1 |
15.27 ± 5.6 |
0.87 |
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Word list sum of immediate recall [Total Score of max. 30] |
5.7 ± 4.7 |
5.6 ± 3.7 |
5.5 ± 4.3 |
5.2 ± 4.9 |
0.45 |
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Word list saving [%] |
0.1 ± 0.3 |
0.1 ± 0.3 |
0.5 ± 1.21 |
0.8 ± 1.47 |
0.70 |
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Discriminabilität [&] |
0.27 ± 0.33 |
0.57 ± 0.21 |
0.59 ± 0.08 |
0.61 ± 0.16 |
0.021 (0.2) |
(1)-(2) 0.04 |
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Constructional praxis copy [Total Score of max. 11] |
6.6 ± 2.3 |
6.4 ± 2.4 |
6.5 ± 2.3 |
6.2 ± 3.5 |
0.90 |
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Constructional praxis saving [%] |
0.2 ± 0.6 |
0.4 ± 0.8 |
0 ± 0 |
0.4 ± 0.8 |
0.94 |
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Trail-Making Test A [Seconds] |
215.2 ± 69.3 |
182.9 ± 81.1 |
201.5 ± 79.2 |
224.6 ± 93.6 |
0.023 (0.4) |
(1)-(2) 0.02 |
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Motor Tests |
Chair-Rising-Test [Points from min. 0 to max. 4] |
1.3 ± 1.2 |
1.5 ± 0.9 |
1.3 ± 0.8 |
1.1 ± 0.7 |
0.96 |
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Drop bar-Test [cm] |
36.7 ± 14.4 |
20.8 ± 10.9 |
34.2 ± 12.7 |
18.4 ± 6.9 |
0.025 (0.3) |
(3)-(4) 0.033 |
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Hand Dynamometer right [N] |
157.4 ± 54.8 |
185.1 ± 43.9 |
169.4 ± 40.3 |
186.9 ± 48.1 |
0.041 (0.4) |
(3)-(4) 0.03 |
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Hand Dynamometer left [N] |
146.73 ± 53.6 |
170.1 ± 42.9 |
146.5 ± 42.3 |
161 ± 37.4 |
0.058 |
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QoL
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NOSGER TOTAL [Total Score; max.150 Points] |
70.2 ± 13.2 |
77.8 ± 19.9 |
77.5 ± 14.83 |
82.5 ± 22.2 |
0.229 |
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Notes: M-Mean; SD-Standard Deviation; N-Newton; (1) (2) (3) (4) Measurement time; ES-Effect size |
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