Men

Women

GP

(n=32)

HO

(n=112)

P

GP

(n=63)

HO

(n=150)

P

Age (years)*

79.44 ± 6.41

79.06 ± 4.18

0.756

80.13 ± 6.80

80.73 ± 4.96

0.528

Weight (kg)*

82.60 ± 15.39

78.86 ± 13.38

0.180

68.67 ± 15.23

65.50 ± 11.86

0.143

Height (cm)*

176.13 ± 8.56

175.55 ± 7.00

0.698

160.94 ± 5.14

161.48 ± 6.36

0.546

Visceral fat (kg)*

21.22 ± 11.24

16.59 ± 9.75

0.023 †

10.70 ± 7.98

9.42 ± 6.41

0.218

BMI (kg/m²)*

26.61 ± 4.72

25.55 ± 3.88

0.198

26.47 ± 5.49

25.08 ± 4.13

0.074

Muscle parameters

ALM (kg)*

22.59 ± 3.84

23.19 ± 3.39

0.392

16.87 ± 3.30

16.37 ± 2.52

0.290

ALM/h² (kg/m²)*

7.28 ± 1.18

7.49 ± 0.92

0.285

6.50 ± 1.15

6.26 ± 0.81

0.138

HGS (kg)*

33.83 ± 7.20

40.11 ± 8.76

<0.035 †

19.55 ± 5.24

21.63 ± 4.90

<0.006 †

LEP (W)*

145.77 ± 62.87

1.92.41 ± 77.15

<0.002 †

81.64 ± 49.38

108.42 ± 41.83

<0.001 †

Habitual GS (m/s)*

1.31 ± 0.57

1.82 ± 0.49

<0.001 †

1.09 ± 0.41

1.53 ± 0.37

<0.001 †

30 s STS test*

10.37 ± 3.47

14.36 ± 5.61

<0.001 †

9.34 ± 4.02

13.07 ± 3.83

<0.001 †

Inflammatory markers

hsCRP (mg/L)**

1.69 (0.99;6.04)

1.52 (0.75;4.28)

0.236

2.13 (0.78;4.50)

1.30 (0.72;2.72)

0.008 †

IL-6 (pg/ml)**

0.58 (0.24;0.89)

0.24 (0.24;0.50)

0.001 †

0.24 (0.24;0.89)

0.24 (0.24;0.24)

<0.001 †

TNF-α (pg/ml)**

21.63 (15.40;28.68)

17.05 (13.56;21.79)

0.033 †

20.76 (15.58;24.52)

17.07 (12.54;21.12)

0.001 †