Factors

Geriatric Cases with CAP

Survived (n = 122)

Died (n = 37)

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis

Without Sequalae

n = 114 (%)

With Sequalae

n = 8 (%)

RR

P-value

Demographic Factors

Age Groups

60-64 year

28 (24.56%)

1 (12.5%)

8 (21.62%)

1.40 (0.31-6.23)

0.660

65-74 year

40 (35.09%)

2 (25%)

16 (43.24%)

1.60 (0.39-6.52)

0.509

75-84 year

28 (24.56%)

5 (62.5%)

10 (27.03%)

1.59 (0.37-6.76)

0.529

≥ 85 year

18 (15.79%)

0 (0%)

3 (8.11%)

0a

Gender

Male

49 (42.98%)

1 (12.5%)

21 (56.76%)

1.09 (0.39-2.69)

0.968

Female

65 (57.02%)

7 (87.5%)

16 (43.24%)

0a

Smoking

40 (35.09%)

3 (37.5%)

19 (51.35%)

0.63 (0.18-2.24)

0.480

Alcoholic

27 (23.68%)

2 (25%)

19 (51.35%)

4.57 (1.19-17.49)

0.027

Comorbidities

COPD

20 (17.54%)

2 (25%)

3 (8.11%)

0.35 (0.09-1.38)

0.133

Heart Failure

17 (14.91%)

1 (12.5%)

10 (27.03%)

2.09 (0.80-5.51)

0.135

Stroke

12 (10.53%)

(0%)

5 (13.51%)

0.98 (2.89-3.35)

0.979

Diabetes

32 (28.07%)

1 (12.5%)

7 (18.92%)

0.57 (0.21-1.52)

0.260

Liver Disease

2 (1.75%)

1 (12.5%)

3 (8.11%)

2.99 (0.39-22.87)

0.291

Renal Disease

14 (12.28%)

2 (25%)

13 (35.14%)

3.16 (1.25-7.98)

0.015

Malignancy

8 (7.02%)

3 (37.5%)

2 (5.41%)

0.90 (0.17-4.79)

0.901

Vital Signs

HR ≥ 30/min

4 (3.51%)

3 (37.5%)

6 (16.22%)

1.04 (0.24-4.55)

0.959

PR ≥ 125

4 (3.51%)

0 (0%)

3 (8.11%)

1.82 (0.31-10.66)

0.508

Temp ≤ 36 or ≥ 40 °C

3 (2.63%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

5.40 × 10^-07

0.999

SBP < 90 mmHg

4 (3.51%)

1 (12.5%)

10 (27.03%)

1.42 × 10⁺⁰⁷

0.999

DBP ≤ 60 mmHg

7 (6.14%)

1 (12.5%)

10 (27.03%)

3.70 × 10^-07

0.999

O₂ Saturation < 90%

19 (16.67%)

4 (50%)

18 (48.65%)

2.68 (1.10-6.55)

0.031

Signs

Decrease in sensorium

3 (2.63%)

2 (25%)

7 (18.92%)

5.53 (1.35-22.61)

0.017

Hypotension

3 (2.63%)

1 (12.5%)

9 (24.32%)

7.05 (1.75-28.42)

0.006

Crackles

87 (76.32%)

7 (87.5%)

30 (81.08%)

1.87 (0.61-5.68)

0.271

Retractions

8 (7.02%)

0 (0%)

8 (21.62%)

3.59 (1.04-12.39)

0.043

Decrease in Breath Sounds

15 (13.16%)

2 (25%)

9 (24.32%)

4.27 (1.39-13.12)

0.011

Others Signs

47 (41.23%)

4 (50%)

17 (45.95%)

1.56 (0.66-3.67)

0.307

Symptoms

Cough

83 (72.81%)

7 (87.5%)

21 (56.76%)

0.48 (0.21-1.11)

0.085

Loss of Appetite

20 (17.54%)

3 (37.5%)

11 (29.73%)

1.52 (0.61-3.78)

0.368

Body Weakness

25 (21.93%)

3 (37.5%)

14 (37.84%)

2.18 (0.88-5.38)

0.093

Difficulty of Breathing

68 (59.65%)

5 (62.5%)

23 (62.16%)

1.88 (0.77-4.59)

0.166

Fever

39 (34.21%)

3 (37.5%)

11 (29.73%)

0.99 (0.43-2.30)

0.983

Other Symptoms

52 (45.61%)

3 (37.5%)

21 (56.76%)

1.39 (0.06-3.15)

0.006

CXR Findings on Admission

Infiltrate

84 (73.68%)

7 (87.5%)

30 (81.08%)

1.70 (0.58-4.99)

0.336

Consolidation

7 (6.14%)

1 (12.5%)

3 (8.11%)

1.90 (0.38-9.40)

0.433

Pleural effusion

12 (10.53%)

2 (25%)

3 (8.11%)

0.75 (0.20-2.82)

0.665

Blood Culture

No Growth In 2 Specimen

21 (18.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.7%)

0.17 (0.03-1.20)

0.076

Escherichia coli

3 (2.6%)

0 (0%)

7 (18.9%)

3.48 (2.07-5.83)

0.000

Sputum Culture

Streptococcus parasanguinis

14 (12.3%)

1 (12.5%)

2 (5.4%)

0.48 (0.13-1.81)

0.277

Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL negative

8 (7%)

0 (0%)

4 (10.8%)

1.48 (0.63-3.49)

0.365

No Growth

6 (5.3%)

1 (12.5%)

0 (0%)

0.26 (0.02-3.79)

0.321

Pantoea agglomerans

3 (2.6%)

1 (12.5%)

2 (5.4%)

1.46 (0.45-4.69)

0.528

Sphingomonas paucimobilis

4 (3.5%)

0 (0%)

2 (5.4%)

1.46 (0.45-4.69)

0.528

Acitenobacter baumannii

5 (4.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.7%)

0.71 (0.12-4.34)

0.709

Enterobacter cloacae

4 (3.5%)

0 (0%)

1 (2.7%)

0.86 (0.14-5.05)

0.863

Mixed Pathogen

Bacteria + Bacteria

4 (3.5%)

0 (0%)

4 (10.8%)

2.29 (1.07-4.87)

0.032

Pneumonia Classification

Moderate Risk

109 (95.61%)

6 (75%)

12 (32.43%)

0a

High Risk

5 (4.39%)

2 (25%)

25 (67.57%)

34.23 (12.25-95.64)

0.000