Table 3: Univariate analysis of mortality risk factors with COVID-19 admitted patients.

Variables

Total

538

Deceased

92

Survivors

446

OR

OR (95% CI)

p-value

 

Ethnicity

    n

%

n

 %

 n

 %

 

 

 

 

Black

83

15.4

7

 7.6

76

17.0

0.40

 (0.18, 0.90)

0.0269

 

Caucasian

283

52.6

65

70.7

218

48.9

 2.52

 (1.55, 4.09)

0.0002

 

Age Group

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

< 20

3

0.6

0

0.0

3

 0.7

 0.00

(0.00, -)

0.9797 

 
   

20-39

61

11.3

1

1.1

60

 13.5

 0.07

(0.01, 0.52)

 

 

0.009

 

40-49

61

11.3

1

1.1

60

 13.5

 0.07

(0.01, 0.52)

 

 

0.009

 

50-59

70

13.0

5

5.4

65

 14.6

 0.34

(0.13, 0.86)

 

 

0.0231

 

60-69

91

16.9

15

16.3

76

 17.0

 0.95

(0.52, 1.74)

 

 

 0.8639

 

70-79

96

17.8

22

23.9

74

 16.6

 1.58

(0.92, 2.71)

 0.0970

 

≥ 80

156

29.0

48

52.2

108

 24.2

 3.41

 (2.15, 5.42)

p < 0.0001

 

BMI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Underweight

40

7.4

12

13.0

 28

 6.3

 2.24

(1.09, 4.59)

0.4762

 
 

Obese

214

39.8

29

31.5

 202

45.3

 0.56

(0.34, 0.90)

0.0770

 

Living

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

Independent

361

67.1

36

39.1

325

72.9

0.24

(0.15, 0.38)

 

 

Other

177

32.9

56

60.9

121

27.1

4.18

(2.62, 6.67)

p < 0.0001

 

Symptoms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chest Pain

45

8.4

2

2.2

43

 9.6

0.21

(0.05, 0.88)

0.0322

 
 

Cough

279

51.9

36

39.1

243

 54.5

 0.54

(0.34, 0.85)

0.0078

 

Altered Mental State

49

9.1

15

16.3

 34

 7.6

 2.36

(1.23, 4.54)

 0.0101

 

Prev Card

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arrhythmia

84

15.6

24

26.1

60

13.5

2.27

(1.32, 3.89)

0.0029

 
 

PVD

21

3.9

8

8.7

13

 2.9

 3.17

 (1.28, 7.89)

0.0130

 

NONE

394

73.2

57

62.0

337

 75.6

 0.53

(0.33, 0.85)

 0.0079

 

PMH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hypertension

314

58.4

66

71.7

248

55.6

2.03

(1.24, 3.31)

0.0048

 
 

Hyperlipedemia

209

38.8

49

53.3

160

 35.9

 2.04

(1.29, 3.2)

0.0010

 
 

Smoker/COPD

111

20.6

36

39.1

75

 16.8

 3.18

(1.95, 5.17)

 p < 0.0001

 
 

CVA/dementia

131

24.3

35

38.0

96

 21.5

 2.24

(1.39, 3.61)

p < 0.0001

 

NONE

107

19.9

4

4.3

 103

 23.1

 0.15

(0.05, 0.42)

 0.0003

 

Pre Treat

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antivirals

11

2.0

 5

5.4

 6

 1.3

 4.21

(1.26, 14.12)

0.0197

 

EKG

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal

 359

66.7

51

55.4

308

69.1

0.56

(0.35, 0.88)

0.0123

 

Abnormal

107

19.9

28

30.4

79

17.7

2.03

(1.23, 3.37)

0.006

 

BNP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal

135

25.1

15

16.3

120

26.9

0.53

(0.29, 0.96)

0.0350

 

Abnormal ( > 300 pg/mL)

130

24.2

40

43.5

90

20.2

3.04

(1.90, 4.88)

p < 0.0001

 

Not Done

273

50.7

37

40.2

236

52.9

0.60

(0.38, 0.94)

0.0275

 

Troponin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abnormal (> 0.034 ng/mL)

88

16.4

36

39.1

52

11.7

4.87

(2.93, 8.10)

p < 0.0001

 

Not Done

170

31.6

16

17.4

154

34.5

0.40

(0.22, 0.71)

0.0017

 

d-dimer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal (< 0.05)

60

11.2

 2

2.2 

58

 13.0

 0.15

(0.04, 0.62)

0.0089

 

CRP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal

 26

4.8

 0

0.0

 26

 5.8

 0.00

(0.00, -)

0.9835

 

Complication

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yes

152

28.3

62

67.4

90

20.2

8.17

(4.99, 13.39)

 p < 0.0001

 

No

386

71.7

30

32.6

356

79.8

0.12

(0.07, 0.20)

 

 

MACE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

None

460

85.5

49

53.3

411

92.2

0.10

(0.06, 0.17)

p < 0.0001

 

Myocardial infarction

7

1.3

4

4.3

3

0.7

6.71

(1.48, 30.52)

0.0137

 

 

 

Arrhythmia

25

4.6

 10

10.9

       15

 3.4

3.50

(1.52, 8.07)

0.0032

 
 

Hypotension

49

9.1

  32

 34.8

    17

 3.8

13.46

(7.05, 25.71)

 p < 0.0001

 

Cardiac Arrest/Code Blue

4

0.7

 4

4.3

    0

 0.0

INF

(-, INF)

0.9812

 

In-Hospital Treatment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antibiotics

281

52.2

 60

65.2

 221

 49.6

 1.91

(1.2, 3.05)

0.0067

 
 

Steroid

58

10.8

 16

17.4

 42

 9.4

 2.03

(1.08, 3.79)

0.0271

 

GFR

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abnormal (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2)

131

24.3

 47

51.1

 84

 18.8

 4.50

(2.81,7.22)

p < 0.0001

 

Clot Disorder

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yes

27

5

 14

15.2

 13

 2.9

 5.98

(2.71,13.21)

p < 0.0001

 

Ventilator

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yes

110

20.4

 45

48.9

 65

 14.6

 5.61

(3.45,9.12)

p < 0.0001

 

Echocardiogram

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abnormal

57

10.6

 18

19.6

 39

 8.7

 2.54

(1.38,4.68)

0.0028

 

LDH

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abnormal (> 246 U/L)

192

35.7

 42

45.7

 150

 33.6

 1.66

(1.05,2.61)

0.0294