Table 4: Results of Kruskal-wallis test used to relate schooling level with elder abuse indicators.
|
Total of abuse indicators |
Level of schooling |
||||||||||||
|
No schooling |
Elementary School |
2 years of middle school |
Middle School |
High School |
University |
Total |
|||||||
|
N |
Mean Rank |
N |
Mean Rank |
N |
Mean Rank |
N |
Mean Rank |
N |
Mean Rank |
N |
Mean Rank |
N |
|
|
Total of physical abuse indicators |
31 |
52.90 |
48 |
50.04 |
17 |
48.00 |
1 |
48.00 |
1 |
48.00 |
2 |
48.00 |
100 |
|
Total of emotional abuse indicators |
31 |
62.92 |
48 |
45.16 |
17 |
43.94 |
1 |
77.00 |
1 |
36.00 |
2 |
36.00 |
100 |
|
Total of neglect indicators |
31 |
56.44 |
48 |
48.08 |
17 |
46.62 |
1 |
84.50 |
1 |
38.50 |
2 |
38.50 |
100 |
|
Total of financial abuse indicators |
31 |
55.73 |
48 |
50.31 |
17 |
43.74 |
1 |
41.00 |
1 |
41.00 |
2 |
41.00 |
100 |
|
Total of abuse indicators |
31 |
60.95 |
48 |
47.19 |
17 |
42.53 |
1 |
75.00 |
1 |
32.50 |
2 |
32.50 |
100 |
|
|
Chi-Square |
Df |
Asymp. Sig. |
|
Total of physical abuse indicators |
2,669 |
5 |
0.751 |
|
Total of emotional abuse indicators |
15,287 |
5 |
0.009 |
|
Total of neglect indicators |
6,866 |
5 |
0.231 |
|
Total of financial abuse indicators |
5,061 |
5 |
0.409 |
|
Total of abuse indicators |
10,595 |
5 |
0.060 |