Table 1: Epidemiological studies on elderly mortality during heat waves.
Reference |
Region & population |
Period |
Temperature ℃ Mean, min-max |
Results |
Steul, et al. [41] |
Frankfurt, Germany ³ 60 years |
2- 13 August 2003 18-22 July 2006 8-12 July 2010 1-5 July 2015 |
26.5, 19.1, 33.7 26, 19.7, 33.8 26.8, 19.6, 34.4 26.9, 20.1, 34.1 |
Mortality (cases of death/day): 32.7 20.6 22.6 25.4 |
Conti, et al. [34] |
21 regions of Italy > 75 years |
1 June-31 August 2003 |
> 40.0 |
No of deaths on 2002: 13.517 No of deaths on 2003: 16.393 |
Åström, et al. [39] |
Rome & Stockholm > 50 years |
15 May-15 September the years from 2000-2008 |
Rome: 29.5, 15.9-40.2 Stockholm: 18.6, 3.1-31.1 |
No of deaths in Rome: 47.180 No of deaths in Stockholm: 24.157 |
Borrell, et al. [44] |
Barcelona, Spain > 65 years |
June, July & August 2003 & 1998-2000 |
> 30.5 |
No of deaths from 1998-2002: 6.691 No of deaths on 2003: 1.489 |
Bogdanovic, et al. [45] |
Belgrade, Serbia > 75 years |
16 - 24 July 2007 |
34.6, 26.3-40.7 |
No of deaths: 350 |
Bustinza, et al. [65] |
Quebec, Canada > 75 years |
July 2010
|
18.5-34.0 |
No of deaths: 1.039 |
Canoui-Poitrine, et al. [66] |
Paris, France > 75 years |
1-20 August 2003 1-20 August 2000, 2001, 2003 |
- |
No of deaths on 2003: 727 No of deaths on 2000, 2001, 2003: 215 |
Sartor [67] |
589 communes of Belgium 65 years & older |
27 June- 7 August 1994 |
21.9, 15.3-27.5 |
No of deaths on 1994: 990 |
Cerutti, et al. [68] |
Ticino, Switzerland > 65 years > 75 years |
June, July, August 2003 |
24.6 |
No of deaths on > 65 years: 558 No of deaths on > 75 years: 443 |
Conti, et al. [69] |
Genoa, Italy > 74 years |
16-31 August 2003 |
> 40.0 |
No of deaths: 968 |
D’Ippoliti, et al. [35] |
Athens, Barcelona, Budapest, London, Milan, Munich, Paris, Rome, Valencia > 65 years |
Athens 1997-2004 Barcelona 1991-2004 Budapest 1992-2003 London 1990-2004 Milan 1990-2003 Munich 1992-2004 Paris 1990-2003 Rome 1992-2004 Valencia 1994-2003 |
26.4- 37.6 23.2- 36.8 22.6- 32.8 16.8- 27.1 22.2- 36.2 15.9- 28.3 19.1- 30.9 21.6- 35.2 24.2- 39.9 |
No of deaths in Athens: 62 No of deaths in Barcelona: 30 No of deaths in Budapest: 46 No of deaths London: 117 No of deaths Milan: 21 No of deaths Munich: 24 No of deaths Paris: 82 No of deaths Rome: 42 No of deaths Valencia: 12 |
Huynen, et al. [70] |
Netherlands ³ 65 years |
1990, 1994, 1995, 1997 |
25.0-30.0 |
No of deaths 1990: 301 No of deaths 1994: 1.043 No of deaths 1995: 214 No of deaths 1997: 230 |
Fouillet, et al. [71] |
22 regions of France ³ 75 years |
1 - 20 August |
25.0-37.0 |
No of deaths: 14539 |
Green, et al. [43] |
England (East of England, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, South East, South West, West Midlands, Yorkshire & Humber) > 65 years |
1 June- 15 September 2013 |
19.5, 16.5-21.6 19.1, 17.7-22.7 |
No of deaths: 195 |
Yang, et al. [53] |
Guangzou, China > 65 years |
13-24 July 2005 June, 9-14 August 2005 |
22.9, 19.7- 27.6 |
No of deaths: 606 No of deaths: 453 |
Lan, et al. [38] |
Harbib, China ³ 65 years |
7 -11 June 2010
|
> 35.0 |
No deaths: 284 |
Michelozzi, et al. [56] |
Rome, Milan, Turin, Bologna, Italy ³ 75 years |
June-August 2003 |
35.2, 32.7, 32.7, 32.8, |
No of deaths in Rome: 6089 No of deaths in Milan: 2958 No of deaths in Turin: 2331 No of deaths in Bologna: 1432 |
Ellis, et al. [47] |
New York > 65 years |
1- 7 August 1975 |
³ 28.9 |
No of deaths: 136.3 ± 35.6 |
Revich, et al. [37] |
Moscow, Russia 2001 > 75 years |
15- 27 July 2001 |
> 22.7 |
No of deaths: 1200 |
Schifano, et al. [51] |
Rome, Italy ³ 65 years |
May, June, July, August 2005-2007 |
May 29.2, 28.8-33.5 June 33.4, 31.2-38.4 July 34.4, 32.6-39.1 August 34.3, 32.9-39.7 |
No of deaths: 18.609 |
Schaffer, et al. [72] |
Sydney, Australia ³ 75 years |
30 January- 6 February 2011 |
35.2, 32.0- 38.5 |
No of deaths: 814 |
Huang, et al. [52] |
Shangai, China > 65 years |
19 July-6 August 2003 |
36.3 |
No of deaths: 2283 |
Smoyer [41] |
St. Louis, Missouri, USA > 64 years |
4-17 July 1980 12-17 July 1995 |
41.7 38.3 |
Average number of deaths on 1980: 14.61 ± 6.91 Average number of deaths on 1995: 9.07 ± 3.31 |
Sun, et al. [54] |
Pudong New Area, China > 65 years |
16 June- 15 September 2013 |
30.1, 27.0-31.6 |
No of deaths: 3.726 |