Table 2: Pre-admittance exposure, co-morbidities, outcomes, and length of stay by diagnosis as primary CDI versus recurrent CDI*.
| Variable | First (n = 39) | Recurrent (n = 30) | Unknown (n = 11) | Significance testing: Chi-square (Fisher's exact) |
| Previously admitted to hospital | ||||
| Yes | 13 (33.3%) | 22 (73.3%) | 7 (63.6%) | p = 0.01109 (0.00761) |
| No | 14 (35.9%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (30.8%) | 6 (20.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| Antibiotic Use‡ | ||||
| Yes | 23 (59.0%) | 27 (90.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | p = 0.0003413 (0.0002164) |
| No | 16 (41.0%) | 3 (10.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | |
| Antibiotic Indication | ||||
| Pre-surgical | 2 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | p = 0.02618 (0.008044) |
| Tx Infection | 12 (30.8%) | 19 (63.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Other or multiple | 5 (12.8%) | 5 (16.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| Prophylaxis | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Unknown | 19 (48.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | |
| Location for Antibiotic Prescription | ||||
| Dental Outpatient | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | p = 0.009908 (0.003503) |
| Inpatient | 9 (23.1%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Outpatient | 9 (23.1%) | 19 (63.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | |
| Other/Multiple | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Unknown | 19 (48.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | |
| Type of Antibiotic Use †,‡ | ||||
| Quinolone | 4 (10.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Penicillin | 2 (5.2%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Cephalosporin | 3 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Clindamycin | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Other | 16 (41.0%) | 21 (70.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| None | 19 (48.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | |
| Current PPI Use | ||||
| Yes | 13 (33.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | 5 (45.5%) | p = 0.7161 (0.7418) |
| No | 14 (35.9%) | 11 (36.7%) | 5 (45.5%) | |
| Unknown | 12 (30.8%) | 8 (26.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Current Trazadone Use | ||||
| Yes | 6 (15.4%) | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (18.2%) | p = 0.4063 (0.3775) |
| No | 25 (64.1%) | 24 (80.0%) | 8 (72.7%) | |
| Unknown | 8 (20.5%) | 5 (16.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | |
| Concurrent Co-morbidities¶ | ||||
| Diabetes | 5 (12.8%) | 10 (33.3%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| Recurrent UTI | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Chemotherapy | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Dialysis | 3 (7.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Chronic Renal Disease | 3 (7.7%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| None of the Above | 4 (10.3%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Other | 30 (76.9%) | 22 (73.3%) | 6 (54.5%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (2.6%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Died | ||||
| Yes | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | p = 0.5253 (0.7294) |
| No | 38 (97.4%) | 28 (93.3%) | 11 (100.0%) | |
| Length of Stay | ||||
| ≤ 1 day | 3 (7.7%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | p = 0.6404 (0.6619) |
| 2-4 days | 11 (28.2%) | 10 (33.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | |
| 5-7 days | 10 (25.6%) | 6 (20.0%) | 2 (18.2%) | |
| 8-14 days | 9 (23.1%) | 3 (10.0%) | 4 (36.4%) | |
| > 14 days | 4 (10.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (5.2%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (9.1%) | |
*Clostridium difficile infection (CDI); †Antibiotic use within the last 3 months, prior to admission date; ‡Percentages may add up to more than 100%
because patient may have taken multiple antibiotics; ¶Patients that have multiple co-morbidities will be counted in multiple rows.