| Reference | Study Design | No. of Subjects | Treatment | Gleason Score (number treated) | Type of TRT (number treated) | Median Follow Up (range) | PCaR | BCR | Summary of Findings |
| Kaufman 2004 [52] | Retrospective review | 7 | RRP | 6 (n=6) 7 (n=1) |
patch (n=3), gel (n=2), IM injection (n=2) |
18 mo (6-12 years) | None | No | TRT for the management of hypogonadal symptoms shown to be beneficial and safe, with no evidence of local recurrence. Limitations: short follow up, small number studied |
| Agarwal P 2005 [51] | Cohort | 10 | RRP | 6 (n=2) 7 (n=7) 8 (n=1) |
Topical (n=7), transdermal (n=1), IM (n=2) |
19 mo | None | No | Total Testosterone increase significantly (p=0.0002); Quality of life improved significantly (p=0.00005) |
| Sarosdy 2007 [54] | Observational | 31 | BRT +/- EBRT +/- ADT |
5 (n= 3) 6 (n=19) 7 (n=6) 8/9(n=3) | IM-> later switched to patient preference | 30 mo (1.5-9 years) | None | No | TRT may be used with caution and close follow-up is necessary after patients received brachytherapy. There were 3 patients with transient increase in PSA,none was considered significant. |
| Nabulsi 2008 [55] | Prospective | 22 | RRP | 6-58%* 7-32% |
Transdermal | 24 mo (14-30 mo) | Yes | 1 | Only 1/22 (4.5%) patients had a PSA recurrence at 17 months post-RP. |
| Morales 2009 [58] | Prospective | 5 | EBRT | 6 (n=2) 7 (n=1) 8 (n=2) |
Varied # | 15 mo (6-27 mo) | None | No | One discontinued treatemnt due to headaches, all reported improvement in symptoms of hypogonadism. |
| Morgentaler 2009 [60] | Case report | 1 | AS | 6 | Gel | 48 mo | None | No | Decline in PSA seen after TRT for 2 years. No reoccurence of Pca seen. |
| Khera 2009 [53] | Retrospective | 57 | RRP | ≤6 (N=24) 7 (N=26) ≥8 (N=4) |
Gel | 13 mo (7-17 mo) | None | No | Testosterone level improved without increase in PSA. |
| Morales 2011 [62] | Observational | 7 | AS | 6 (n=5) 8 (n=1) 1-NA |
IM (n=5) oral (n=1), gel (n=1) | 33 mo (6-96 mo) |
Yes | 1 | One patient continued TRT for four years without incident. Another patient has significant rise in PCa with decrease after intermittent discontinuation of therapy. A younger subject had rise in PSA after TRT initiation and underwent biopsy which was positive for PCa (two prior were negative). |
| Morganteler 2011 [63] | Retrospective | 13 | AS | 6 (n=12) 7 (n=1) |
IM (n=3), gel (n=10)¶ |
30mo (12-97mo) |
None | No | 7 men had received TRT prior to PCa diagnosis. Two men had biopsies suggestive of disease upgrading but no cancer progression. |
| Pastuszak 2013 [61] | Retrospective | 103 | RRP | ≤7 (N=77) ≥8 (N=26) |
Not specified | 27.5 | None | No | Overall 15% of patients in the high risk treatment group had suspected BCR, lower than the 18% to 32% recurrence rate for patients not receiving TRT after RP. |
| Balbontin 2014 [59] | Prospective | 20 | BRT | 5 (n=1) 6 (N=15) 7 (N=3) 8 (N=1) |
IM injection | 31 mo | None | No | PSA decreased compared to control. |
| Total | 276 | Average | 26.2mo | 2(0.7%) |