Table 1: Characteristics of Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, Cyclic vomiting syndrome, Cannabis withdrawal, and Hyperemesis gravidarum.
| Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome [15] | Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome [40] | Cannabis Withdrawal [16] | Hyperemesis Gravidarum [18] |
| Cyclical severe nausea and vomiting | Cyclical severe nausea and vomiting | Cannabis discontinuation after heavy and long-term use | Continued emesis during pregnancy with no other associated cause |
| Minimum weekly cannabis use | Accompanying symptoms such as headache, photosensitivity, and/or vertigo | Symptoms often start 24-72 hours after cessation | Typically at least 5% weight loss |
| Symptom resolution following cannabis cessation | Personal and/or family history of migraines | Condition not ascribed to a separate medical problem | Laboratory abnormalities may be present including electrolyte, thyroid, and liver changes |
Brief symptom resolution during hot bathing |
Physical and psychological stressors can trigger episodes |
A minimum of three of the following within one week of cessation: -Irascibility -Anxiousness -Sleep problems -Loss of appetite or weight loss -Edginess -Decreased mood -A physical symptom resulting in distress such as headache, abdominal pain, tremor, diaphoresis, or fever |
History of hyperemesis gravidarum is a risk factor for future pregnancies |
| Onset before the age of 50 years | Mean age of onset 5 years in children and 37 years in adults | Thought to be on the spectrum of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy |