Table 3: Participants' characteristics of knowledge on obstetric fistula causes, risk factors, and symptoms.

Obstetric fistula indicators

Intervention group (n = 140) (n = %)

Comparison group (n = 67) (n = %)

p-value

Ever heard obstetric fistula

140 (54.1)

67 (25.9)

< 0.001

How to describe obstetric fistula

 

 

 

Continuous leakage of urine

114 (81.4)

40 (59.7)

0.001

Continuous leakage of urine and or feces

17 (12)

23 (34.3)

 

The continuous odor of urine

9 (6.4)

4 (6)

 

Describe obstetric fistula

140 (54.1)

63 (24.3)

< 0.001

Source of information

 

 

 

Health extension worker

123 (63.7)

34 (17.6)

0.004

Family and friend

55 (28.5)

22 (11.4)

0.079

School

15 (7.8)

7 (3.6)

0.568

Media

46 (23.8)

5 (2.6)

0.076

Causes ofobstetric fistula

 

 

 

Knows prolonged labor as a cause of fistula

No

34 (24.3)

24 (35.8)

0.084

Yes

106 (75.7)

43 (64.2)

 

Knows sexual violence as a cause of fistula

No

59 (42.1)

38 (56.7)

0.049

Yes

81 (57.9)

29 (43.3)

 

Know at least one cause

 (n = 259)

No

136 (52.5)

211 (81.5)

0.000

Yes

123 (49.5)

48 (18.5)

 

Risk of factors

Early Marriage

87 (62.1%)

35 (52.2%)

0.175

 

Early Pregnancy

60 (42.9%)

38 (56.7%)

0.062

 

Home delivery

111 (79.3%)

31 (46.3%)

< 0.001

 

Female Genital cutting

45 (32.1%)

8 (11.9%)

0.002

 

Prolonged labor

22 (15.7%)

3 (4.5%)

0.020

Know at least two Risk factors (n = 259)

No

139 (53.7)

220 (84.9)

< 0.001

 

Yes

120 (46.3)

39 (15.1)

 

Symptoms

Unable to control urine

131 (93.6)

57 (85.1)

0.048

 

Unable to control feces

122 (87.1)

32 (47.8)

0.018

 

Unable to control urine and feces

85 (60.7)

29 (43.3)

0.048

 

Bleeding and pain during sex

9 (3.5)

10 (14.9)

0.005

Know at least two symptoms (n = 259)

No

130 (50.2)

224 (86.5)

0.000

 

Yes

129 (49.8)

35 (13.5)

 

Chi-square test, p < 0.05 is statistically significant