Table 2: Unadjusted and adjusted associations between sociodemographic, health behavior and health related factors and PMS affective and somatic domains.
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
Age, years | [21-29] vs. [17-21] | 1.17 (0.98; 1.40) | - |
Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2 | < 18.5
18.5 - 25 25 - 30 >= 30 |
1.00
1.29 (0.99; 1.69) 1.84 (1.32; 2.57)* 2.38 (1.52; 3.74)* |
1.00
1.26 (0.96; 1.66) 1.56 (1.10; 2.20)* 1.92 (1.20; 3.06)* |
Smoking status | Smokers vs. non-smokers and ex-smokers | 1.10 (0.89; 1.35) | - |
Age of menarche, years | >= 12 vs. < 12 | 0.88 (0.73; 1.07) | - |
Family profile | Dead (1 or both) vs. alive | 1.93 (1.22; 3.06)* | 1.57 (0.95; 2.58) |
Mother education | University vs. high school or below | 0.93 (0.78; 1.12) | - |
Mother occupation | Employed vs. housewife | 1.03 (0.86; 1.25) | - |
Mother income/month | None (housewife)
US$ < 2000 |
1.00
1.06 (0.86; 1.31) |
- |
US$ >= 2000 | 0.94 (0.67; 1.33) | ||
Father education | University vs. high school or below | 0.94 (0.78; 1.13) | - |
Father occupation | Employed vs. unemployed | 0.59 (0.40; 0.87)* | |
Father income/month | None (unemployed)
US$ < 2000 |
1.00
0.56 (0.37; 0.83)* |
1.00
0.62 (0.40; 0.95)* |
US$ >= 2000 | 0.63 (0.43; 0.94)* | 0.65 (0.42; 0.99)* | |
Living conditions | Dorms
With parents Others |
1.00
0.81 (0.65; 1.003) 1.01 (0.63; 1.63) |
- |
University | Private vs. public | 1.18 (0.98; 1.41) | - |
Major | Sciences & Medical
Humanities & Business Engineering |
1.00
1.18 (0.96; 1.43) 0.89 (0.69; 1.13) |
- |
Exercise/week | >= 3 times vs. < 3 times | 0.90 (0.73; 1.11) | - |
Caffeine consumption | None
1 cup/day 2-3 cups/day >= 3 cups/day |
1.00
1.34 (1.08; 1.67)* 1.96 (1.57; 2.46)* 5.42 (3.02; 9.72)* |
1.00
1.39 (1.11; 1.73)* 1.86 (1.48; 2.35)* 3.81 (2.04; 7.12)* |
Energy drink consumption | None
1 drink/day 2-3 drinks/day >= 3 drinks/day |
1.00
0.93 (0.72; 1.20) 1.47 (0.81; 2.65) 3.21 (1.62; 6.36)* |
1.00
0.83 (0.63; 1.08) 1.10 (0.59; 2.05) 1.21 (0.55; 2.66) |
Calcium supplements | Yes vs. No | 1.14 (0.89; 1.46) | - |
Vitamin D supplements | Yes vs. No | 1.02 (0.82; 1.26) | - |
Contraceptive pills | Yes vs. No | 1.24 (0.97; 1.60) | - |
Medication used for | Pain, Yes vs. No
Nausea, Yes vs. No Vomiting, Yes vs. No Sleeping pills, Yes vs. No |
1.57 (1.32; 1.88)*
1.89 (1.47; 2.44)* 1.90 (1.43; 2.53)* 3.18 (1.88; 5.40)* |
1.34 (1.11; 1.62)*
1.38 (1.00; 1.91) 1.14 (0.80; 1.64) 2.15 (1.23; 3.76)* |
*P-values < 0.05.