Table 1: Frequencies of sample characteristics for all participants and by PMS status.
| All participants N = 2115 N (%) | Non-PMS, N = 794 N (%) | PMS, N = 1321 N (%) | ||
| Age, years |
[17-21] [21-29] |
1217 (57.5) 898 (42.5) |
476 (59.9) 318 (40.1) |
741 (56.1) 580 (43.9) |
Body mass index (BMI) |
< 18.5 kg/m² 18.5 - 25 kg/m² 25 - 30 kg/m² >= 30 kg/m² |
261 (12.3) 1362 (64.4) 352 (16.6) 140 (6.60) |
118 (14.9) 531 (66.9) 109 (13.7) 36 (4.50) |
143 (10.8) 831 (62.9) 243 (18.4) 104 (7.90) |
| Smoking status | Current smokers, % | 504 (23.8) | 181 (22.8) | 323 (24.5) |
Age at menarche, years |
< 12 >= 12 |
683 (32.3) 1432 (67.7) |
243 (30.6) 551 (69.4) |
440 (33.3) 881 (66.7) |
Family profile (parents) |
Alive Dead (1 or both) |
2012 (95.1) 103 (4.90) |
769 (96.9) 25 (3.10) | 1243 (94.1) 78 (5.90) |
Mother education |
High school or below University |
1332 (63.0) 783 (37.0) |
492 (62.0) 302 (38.0) |
840 (63.6) 481 (36.4) |
| Mother occupation | Employed, Yes % | 670 (31.7) | 248 (31.2) | 422 (31.9) |
Mother income/month |
US$ < 2000 US$ >= 2000 |
517 (77.2) 153 (22.8) |
188 (75.8) 60 (24.2) |
329 (78.0) 93 (22.0) |
Father education |
High school or below University |
1423 (67.3) 692 (32.7) |
527 (66.4) 267 (33.6) |
896 (67.8) 425 (32.2) |
| Father occupation | Employed, Yes % | 1977 (93.5) | 757 (95.3) | 1220 (92.4) |
Father income/month |
US$ < 2000 US$ >= 2000 |
1044 (52.8) 933 (47.2) |
415 (54.8) 342 (45.2) |
629 (51.6) 591 (48.4) |
Living conditions |
Dorms With parents Others |
466 (22.0) 1560 (73.8) 89 (4.20) |
158 (19.9) 606 (76.3) 30 (3.80) |
308 (23.3) 954 (72.2) 59 (4.50) |
University |
Public Private |
1291 (61.0) 824 (39.0) |
504 (63.5) 290 (36.5) |
787 (59.6) 534 (40.4) |
Major |
Sciences & Medical Humanities & Business Engineering |
756 (35.7) 938 (44.3) 421 (19.9) |
292 (36.8) 327 (41.2) 175 (22.0) |
464 (35.1) 611 (46.3) 246 (18.6) |
Exercise/week |
< 3 times >= 3 times |
1660 (78.5) 455 (21.5) |
614 (77.3) 180 (22.7) |
1046 (79.2) 275 (20.8) |
Caffeine consumption |
Yes % 1 cup/day 2-3 cups/day >= 3 cups/day |
1475 (69.7) 691 (46.8) 683 (46.3) 101 (6.80) |
496 (62.5) 272 (54.8) 210 (42.3) 14 (2.80) |
979 (74.1) 419 (42.8) 473 (48.3) 87 (8.90) |
Energy drink consumption |
Yes % 1 drink/day 2-3 drinks/day >= 3 drinks/day |
401 (19.0) 285 (71.1) 54 (13.5) 62 (15.5) |
140 (17.6) 114 (81.4) 16 (11.4) 10 (7.10) |
261 (19.8) 171 (65.5) 38 (14.6) 52 (19.9) |
| Calcium supplements | Yes % | 1786 (84.4) | 115 (14.5) | 214 (16.2) |
| Vitamin D supplements | Yes % | 1680 (79.4) | 162 (20.4) | 273 (20.7) |
| Contraceptive pills | Yes % | 1794 (84.8) | 107 (13.5) | 214 (16.2) |
Medication used for |
Pain, Yes % Nausea, Yes % Vomiting, Yes % Depression, Yes % Weight gain, Yes % Sleeping pills, Yes % |
1095 (51.8) 358 (16.9) 275 (13.0) - - 103 (4.90) |
355 (44.7) 93 (11.7) 70 (8.80) - - 17 (2.10) |
740 (56.0) 265 (20.1) 205 (15.5) - - 86 (6.50) |