Table 1: Payment for the first marriage of a nulliparous woman.
|
Ethnic Group |
Focus Groupa |
USD conversion |
Other |
Notes |
|
|
Min |
Max |
||||
|
Hema● |
USB |
1080 |
2560 |
|
Sometimes one cow will be returned after formal
marriage |
|
Unemployed women |
930 |
2180 |
|
Lowest estimate for uneducated girl |
|
|
Widows |
1650 |
2220 |
|
|
|
|
Hema North |
Unemployed men |
1545 |
2070 |
|
|
|
ISPASC women |
1545 |
2070 |
|
|
|
|
Hema South |
ISPASC men |
1440 |
1920 |
|
Part return of dowry when first child has first tooth |
|
Ngiti (LenduBindi) |
USB |
830 |
1470 |
|
|
|
ISPASC men |
655 |
890 |
Add blanket, clothes and spear |
|
|
|
Lubgara |
USB |
960 |
1280 |
|
|
|
ISPASC women |
740 |
1640 |
Add clothes and agricultural tools |
Level of education is important |
|
|
Logo |
ISPASC women |
1295 |
1850 |
Add clothes |
No payment if pregnant until after delivery |
|
Lese |
Widows |
varies |
varies |
Add clothes, hoe and machete |
Price expressed in goats |
|
Kakwa |
Widows |
600 |
800 |
|
|
|
Bira |
Widows |
465 |
630 |
|
|
|
ISPASC women |
As above |
As above |
Add clothes |
|
|
|
ISPASC men |
As above |
As above |
|
|
|
|
Catholic men |
585 |
790 |
Add clothes |
|
|
|
Nande |
ISPASC men |
350 |
600 |
Add clothes |
Price expressed in goats |
|
Lega |
USB |
420 |
600 |
|
Maniema |
|
Nyanga |
USB |
465 |
630 |
|
North Kivu |
|
Alur |
Catholic women |
|
|
3 goats, clothes, agricultural tools |
Pre-payment for sex before marriage |
|
Unemployed women |
465 |
630 |
|
|
|
|
ISPASC women |
945 |
1630 |
Add clothes |
|
|
|
ISPASC men |
605 |
830 |
Add clothes and hoe |
|
|
|
Widows |
640 |
880 |
Add hoe |
|
|
|
Budu |
Unemployed women |
varies |
varies |
|
Haut Uele Price in palm oil drums |
|
Unemployed men |
245 |
600 |
Prepayment of chickens, goat, cigarettes, bananas. Add
alcohol and cola nuts to dowry |
|
|
|
|
Muslimsb |
100 |
1000 |
|
|
aFocus groups reporting:
community health (ISPASC) students men and women; theology students (USB);
Catholic men and women; unemployed men and women; widows; Muslims.
●Some
focus groups subdivided the ethnic Hema group and their customs according to
their place of residence either north or south of the district. One author (AB) identified a third group,
bMuslims expressed value in
USD only. No mention of ethnic differences.