Table 1: Summary of studies reporting the effect of HIV on neurodevelopment among HEU children.

Study

Location

Study Type

Sample

 size

Participants

Age (range)

Developmental

 scale

Exposure to ARV

Findings

HEU

Bisiachi et al. [25]

Italy

Cross section

42

29 HI

13 HEU

6 -15 yrs

Own tests

Not stated

 Normal

Normal range

Blanchette et al. [26]

Canada

Cross section

25

14 HI

11 HEU

5-12 yrs

WPPS

Yes

 

Normal function

Fishkin  et al. [27]

US

Cross section

80

40 HI

40  HUU

3-5 yrs

WPPS

Yes

No report

Smith  et al. [28]

US

Cohort

539

117 HI

422  HEU

3-7 yrs

MSCA

Yes

Normal function

Koekkoek et al. [29]

The Netherlands

Cross section

22

HI

6-13.5 yrs

SON-R

Yes,

No control

Bagendi et al. [30]

Uganda

Cohort

107

28 HI

42  HEU

37 HUU

6-12 yrs

K-ABC

 

No

No cognitive defects

Abubakar et al. [31]

Kenya

Cross section

367

31 HI

17  HEU

319 HUU

6-35 mnths

Kilifi Developmental Inventory

No

 

Similar motor function to HUEI

Lowick et al. [24]

South Africa

Cross section

60

35HI

30 Healthy unknown status

Preschool age

GMDS-ER

No

Normal function

Hoare et al. [32]

South Africa

Cross sectional

24

12 HI

12HUU

8-12 yrs

WASI

No

 No report

Ruel et al. [33]

Uganda

Cross section

115

 

93HI

106 HUU

6-12 yrs

Test of Variables of Attention

 K-ABC, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency

No

 

No report

Puthanakit et al. [34]

Thailand

 

RCT

623

284 HI

155 HEU

164 HUU

1-12 yrs

WISC-Thai

Yes

 

Normal function

Kandawasvika 

et al. [35]

Zimbabwe

Prospective

306

32 HI

121 HEI

153 HUU

6-8

MSCA

Yes

Similar to HIV uninfected

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

HI- Child with HIV infection; HEU- Child exposed but uninfected with HIV; HUU- Unexposed Uninfected; US- United States of America; RCT- Randomised Controlled Trial; KABC- Kaufman Assessment Battery for children; MSCA- McCarthy Scales of Children`s Abilities; SON-R- Snijders-Oomen nonverbal intelligence test for children and adolescents (abridged); WASI- Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; WPPSI- Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised; WISC-R- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised; WISC- Thai Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Thai version; GMDS-ER- Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised Version