Table 1: Type of vaccines for fungal disease and their mechanisms of protection.

Type of vaccines of	Fungal diseases	Antigens	Mechanism(s) of protection	Reference
Whole Cells and Cell Extract	Candidiasis	Strain CA2, live-attenuated	T-helper 1, cell-mediated immunity	[40,41]
		Genetically engineered Candida albicans tet-NRG1 strain, live-attenuated	T-cell mediated immunity	[42]
		Ribosomal Cell fraction	Antibodies and cell-mediated immunity	[43,44]
		Inactivated whole cells	Undefined	[45]
		Hyr1p	Cell mediated immunity	[46]
	Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis	Strain BAD1, live-attenuated	T-helper 1, cell-mediated immunity	[47]
		Inactivated spherules	T-helper 1, cell-mediated immunity	[31,48]
		Thimerosal-inactivated spherules (T27K)	Undefined	[49]
		Genetically engineered strain, live-attenuated	T-helper 1, T-helper 2, cell-mediated immunity	[50]
		Heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HKY)	Undefined	[51]
	Aspergillosis	Inactivated Conidia	Undefined	[52]
	Aspergillosis	Live attenuated conidia	Undefined	[53]
	Histoplasmosis	Ribosomal Vaccine	Undefined	[54]
DNA	Coccidioidomycosis	More than one gene	Undefined	[55]
	Para coccidioidomycosis	gp43 gene	T-helper 1, T-helper 2, cell-mediated immunity	[56]
	Para coccidioidomycosis	HSP65 DNA	T-helper 1	[57]
	Pneumocystis	Kexin gene	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	[58]
Antigen-pulsed cells and T cells	Candidiasis	Dendritic cell loaded with candida antigens	T-helper 1, cell-mediated immunity	[50,59,60]
	Aspergillus	Dendritic cell loaded with candida antigens	T-helper 1, cell-mediated immunity	[50,59,61]
	Antigen-specific T cells	Dendritic cell loaded with candida antigens	T-helper 1, cell-mediated immunity	[50,59,61]
	Coccidioidomycosis	Dendritic cell based vaccine	Undefined	[62]
Subunit and Glycoconjugates	Candidiasis	Agglutinin-like sequences	Cell-mediated immunity	[63]
		ecm33 mutant (RML2U)	Undefined	[64,65]
		Secreted aspartic proteinase2	Anti-Sap2 antibodies	[66]
		65 kDa mannoprotein	Adhesin-neutralizing antibodies	[67]
		Beta-1, 3-glucan	Cell-mediated immunity	[68,69]
		Beta-1, 2-mannosides	Antibodies (opsonophagocytic; possibly adherence-blocking)	[70,71]
		CR3-RP glycoconjugate	Cell-mediated immunity	[72]
	Cryptococcosis	Capsular polysaccharides	Various mechanisms	[73]
	Cryptococcosis	Glucuronoxylomannan-conjugated vaccine	Unknown, possibly antibodies	[73]
	Aspergillosis	Aspergillus fumigatus antigens	Cell-mediated immunity	[12,49]
	Aspergillosis	Beta-1, 3-glucan	Growth inhibitors, antibodies	[74]
	Coccidioidomycosis	Antigen2	Cell-mediated immunity, T-helper 1	[75]
		Beta-1, 3-glucosyltransferases	Undefined	[57]
		Chimeric polyprotein	Undefined	[31,76]
	Pneumocystis	P55 protein (major surface glycoprotein)	Undefined, possibly antibodies	[77]
	Pneumocystis	Kexin protease	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	[57]
	Para coccidioidomycosis	43 kDa glycoprotein	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	[55]
	Para coccidioidomycosis	HSP60	Cell-mediated immunity	[78]
Idiotypes and mimotopes	Candidiasis	Killer toxin neutralizing mAbKT4	Fungicidal antibodies	[77-79]
	Aspergillosis	Killer toxin neutralizing mAbKT4	Fungicidal antibodies	[80]
	Cryptococcosis	Glucuronoxylomannan-peptide mimotopes	Antibodies modulating cell-mediated immunity	[81]
	Cryptococcosis	P13 peptide mimotope-protein conjugates	T-helper 1, T-helper 2, cell-mediated immunity	[82]
Antibodies	Candidiasis	Mycograb, anti-Hsp90 peptide	Unknown	[83,84]
		Anti-CA IgY	Inhibition of adhesion to host cells	[85]
		Anti-beta-1, 3-glucan mAb 2G8	Growth-inhibitory	[67,68]
		mAb C7 (stress mannoprotein)	Candidacidal	[86]
		Single chain fragment variable of anti-idiotypic antibodies	Candidacidal antibodies	[80]
		Anti-mannan mAb C6	Opsonophagocytic	[79,80]
		Anti-glycosyl mAb	Candidacidal	[87]
		Anti-Sap2 and anti-MP65domain antibodies	Enzyme and adhesion neutralizing	[88]
	Cryptococcosis	Single chain fragment variable	Inhibits glucan synthase	[89]
		Anti-glucuronoxylomannan 18B7-mAb (murine)	Opsonophagocytic	[90]
		Anti-glucuronoxylomannan IgG2-mAb (human)	Opsonophagocytic	[91]
	Histoplasmosis	Antibody against histone-like protein	Undefined	[92]
Synthetic, recombinant and conjugate vaccines	Candidiasis	beta-(Man)(3)-Fba,beta-(Man)(3)-Met6, beta-(Man)(3)-Hwp1, beta-(Man)(3)-Eno1, beta-(Man)(3)-Gap1,beta-(Man)(3)-Pgk1	Unknown	[93]
	Coccidioidomycosis	Recombinant Ag2/PRA106 + CSA chimeric fusion protein (CFP) vaccine	Cell-mediated immunity	[94]
	Coccidioidomycosis	Recombinant proline-rich antigen (rAg2/Pra)	T cell-mediated immunity	[95]
	Para coccidioidomycosis	Antigenic protein (rPb27)	Cell-mediated immunity and antibodies	[96]