Study

Injury definition

Escalante, et al. [16]

Injuries were defined as an injury that met one of the following criteria within the last 12 months of CrossFit® participation:

1.      required the individual to seek a healthcare professional to diagnose/treat the injury;

2.      modification of normal training activities for more than two weeks;

3.      total removal from CrossFit® and other physical activity for more than one week; or

4.      any injury that required loss of time from employment

Moran, et al. [24]

Any physical complaint that was sustained during CrossFit training that resulted in a participant being unable to take a full part in future CrossFit training (i.e. a ‘time-loss’ definition).

Montalvo, et al. [21]

Any physical damage to a body part that caused them to miss or modify one or more training sessions or hindered activities of daily living.

Hak, et al. [18]

Any injury sustained during training which prevented the participant training, working or competing in any way and for any period of time

Chachula, et al. [41]

The onset of harm to a joint, with new injury defined as the onset of harm to a joint sustained during CrossFit workouts.

Weisenthal, et al. [43]

Any new musculoskeletal pain, feeling, or injury that results from a CrossFit workout and leads to 1 or more of the following options:

1.      Total removal from CrossFit training and other out- side routine physical activities for > 1 week

2.      Modification of normal training activities in duration, intensity, or mode for > 2 weeks

3.      Any physical complaint severe enough to warrant a visit to a health professional

Summitt, et al. [22]

Any new musculoskeletal pain or feeling that resulted from a CrossFit workout and led to 1 or more of the following:

1.      total removal from CrossFit training and other outside routine physical activities for more than 1 week;

2.      modification of normal training activities in duration, intensity or mode for more than 2 weeks;

3.      and any physical complaint severe enough to warrant a visit to a health professional.

Feito, et al. [17]

Any muscle, tendon, bone, joint, or ligament injury sustained while doing CrossFit that resulted in your consultation with a physician, or health care provider, AND caused you to stop or reduce your usual physical activity, your typical participation in CrossFit, or caused you to have surgery.

Minghelli & Vicente, et al. [20]

Any condition or symptom that occurred as a result of CrossFit practice and had at least one of the following effects:

1.      the practitioner had to stop the activity (training, competition) for at least one day;

2.      the practitioner did not have to stop the activity, but had to modify it (to fewer hours of practice or training, lower intensity of effort, or was less able to perform certain gestures or movements/techniques);

3.      the practitioner sought advice or treatment from health professionals to address the condition or symptom.

Mehrab, et al. [45]

Any new musculoskeletal pain, feeling, or discomfort as a result of a CrossFit workout that met 1 of the following criteria:

1.      Total removal from CrossFit training and other outside routine physical activities for >1 week.

2.      Modification of normal training activities in duration, intensity, or mode for >2 weeks.

3.      Any physical complaint severe enough to warrant a visit to a health professional.

Queiroz Szeles, et al. [13]

Any musculoskeletal injury or pain (in joints, bones, ligaments, tendons, or muscles) that prevented an athlete from exercising for at least 1 day.

Santos da Costa, et al. [15]

The adopted concept of injury was that any sensation, pain, or injury during CrossFit raining that resulted in one or more of the following outcomes was considered to be a physical injury:

1)      Complete withdrawal from CrossFit training or other routine physical activity for a period longer than 1 week;

2)      Modification of normal training activity in duration, intensity, or modality for a period longer than 2 weeks;

3)      Any physical complaint severe enough to make the practitioner seek medical help.

Kirill Alekseyev, et al. [40]

No definition was published

Larsen, et al. [23]

An injury was defined when two criteria were present:
(1) reporting a problem defined as having pain, soreness, stiffness or swelling in one or more body regions;
(2) being affected by the problem to an extent that resulted in reduced participation in the CrossFit training for at least seven days.

Paiva, et al. [58]

Injury was defined as any condition requiring training modification or discontinuation or visit to a health professional for treatment or diagnosis.

Cheng, et al. [12]

An injury was defined as a new musculoskeletal pain, sensation, or discomfort that resulted in any of the following:

·        Total removal from CrossFit training and other outside routine physical activities for > 1 week

·        Modification of normal training activities in duration, intensity, or mode for > 2 weeks

·        Any physical complaint severe enough to warrant a visit to a health professional

Tawfik, et al. [42]

A CrossFit related injury was defined as any of the following which occurred as the result of CrossFit training:

(1) inability to train for greater than one week;

(2) needing to modify training duration, activity, or intensity for greater than two weeks;

(3) any complaint that led to a doctor visit.

Lima, et al. [44]

CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injury was defined as any physical complaint resulting from a training session or competition and which made it impossible for CrossFitters to train for a week or more.