Table 2: Results of 2 × 3 ANOVA for within group changes between undistracted and distracted running across three post gait- retraining analyses.
CAD GROUP |
Time point |
Undistracted |
Distracted |
Effect size (Cohen’s d) |
Condition effect |
Time-condition effect |
Cadence (steps/min) n = 16 |
1 wk |
173.4 (6.9) |
171.7 (7.9) |
0.2 |
0.493 |
0.09 |
1 mo |
167.7 (9.5) |
170.3 (5.9) |
0.3 |
|||
6 mos |
170.9 (7.1) |
172.8 (6.7) |
0.3 |
|||
VILR (BW/s) n = 18 |
1 wk |
65.1 (13.5) |
67.1 (14.0) |
0.1 |
0.015* |
0.247 |
1 mo |
65.3 (15.8) |
69.9 (20.0) |
0.3 |
|||
6 mos |
62.6 (13.9) |
64.6 (17.3) |
0.1 |
|||
VALR (BW/s) n = 17 |
1 wk |
48.1 (8.1) |
49.8 (9.1) |
0.2 |
0.026* |
0.101 |
1 mo |
49.5 (12.1) |
53.7 (17.0) |
0.3 |
|||
6 mos |
47.6 (9.3) |
49.1 (12.5) |
0.1 |
|||
FFS GROUP |
|
|||||
Foot Angle (deg) n = 15 |
1 wk |
-3.0 (4.3) |
-3.4 (4.5) |
0.1 |
0.458 |
0.354 |
1 mo |
-3.5 (4.6) |
-3.7 (5.1) |
0.04 |
|||
6 mos |
-2.0 (4.6) |
-2.0 (4.9) |
0.0 |
|||
VILR (BW/s) n = 13 |
1 wk |
42.4 (11.4) |
42.5 (11.3) |
0.01 |
0.726 |
0.599 |
1 mo |
43.9 (15.2) |
42.5 (11.8) |
0.1 |
|||
6 mos |
43.6 (19.3) |
43.8 (18.1) |
0.01 |
|||
VALR (BW/s) n = 13 |
1 wk |
29.7 (6.8) |
29.4 (5.2) |
0.05 |
0.616 |
0.968 |
1 mo |
29.1 (6.2) |
28.8 (5.2) |
0.05 |
|||
6 mos |
29.2 (9.5) |
28.6 (7.8) |
0.07 |
P-values for condition and time-condition effects, *indicates significant change with distraction.