Table 2: Applications of iNeurons in disease modeling and drug discovery

Type of iNeurons	Disease features	Cell origin	Reprogramming factors	Diseases model	Ref.
DAs	Progressive degeneration and death of dopaminergic neuron (DA) in the substantia niagra region of the midbrain.	MEFs/HFFs	Ascl1, Nurr1, Lmx1a	Parkinson's disease	[129]
		HFFs	Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, Lmx1a, FoxA2	Parkinson's disease	[115]
		HFFs	Ascl1, Ngn2, Sox2, Nurr1, Pitx3	Parkinson's disease	[130]
MNs	Progressive degeneration and death of motor neuron (MN) in the cortex, brain stem and spinal cord.	HEFs	Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, Hb9, lsl1, Lhx3, Ngn2, NeuroD1	ALS/SMA	[131]
Patient-derived GAs	Genetic mutation of SCN1A and impaired psychomotor development and ataxia.	Fibroblasts	Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, NeuroD1, Olig2, Zic1, rtTA	Dravet syndrome	[132]
RGC	Accelerated death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) leads to progressive visual field loss and eventual blindness.	MEFs	Ascl1, Brn3b, Ngn2	Glaucoma	[133]
iNeurons with MAPT mutation	Cause behavioural and executive impairement.	Human skin fibroblasts	Ascl1, Brn2, Myt1l, Lmx1a, FoxA2	Frontotemporal lobar degeneration	[134]
iNeurons with CACNA1C mutation	Cause social interaction, communication and behavioural impairement.	Human dermal fibroblasts	Ascl1, Pou3f2, Myt1l	Autism spectrum disorder	[135]
iNeurons with abnormal amyloid-β peptide production	Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptide, which is forming amyloid plaques in the brain.	Human foreskin/skin fibroblasts	VPA, CHIR, Repsox, Forskolin, SP600125, GO6983, Y-27632, Dorsomorphin	Alzheimer’s disease	[118]
Abbreviations: MEFs, mouse embryo fibroblasts; HFFs, human foreskin fibroblasts