Table 4: Emergency department based studies suggesting that UDS screens are not associated with patient management or disposition.

Author # patients Setting Methodology Population Other factors considered?*
Korn, et al. [6] 212 ED Retrospective cohort Psychiatric patients in ED No
Eisen, et al. [23] 133 ED Prospective observational ED Yes, in design✦
Fortu, et al. [24] 652 Pediatric ED Retrospective cohort Psychiatric patients in peds ED No
Janiak & Atteberry [7] 502 ED Retrospective cohort Psychiatric patients in ED No
Montague, et al. [25] 107 ED Prospective observational Overdose patients in ED No
Olshaker, et al. [5] 352 ED Retrospective cohort Psychiatric patients in ED Yes, in design✦✦
Schiller, et al. [26] 392 PES Prospective randomized PES No✦✦✦

*see text for description; ✦Before/after design asking physicians whether results of UDS altered care plans; ✦✦Other labs and elements of the history/physical included in analysis;✦✦✦physicians allowed to order screens for all patients based on clinical judgment.