Table 1: List of significantly altered metabolites in prostate tissue associated with tumor TME using NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling.

Tissue samples

(Prostate tumor tissue)

NMR methods

Significant Altered metabolites in prostate tissue associated with TME

References

Low RSG (n = 58) and high RSG (n = 27)

1H- NMR and 31P-NMR

α-Glucose, NAD+, Arginine, Succinate/Malate

Lysophosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine

Sphingomyelin

[9]

PCa Patients

(n = 16) 

Benign (n = 59)

1H-NMR

Citrate and spermine taurine, scyllo-inositol and leucine

[10]

 Patients with BPH (n = 18), EPC (n = 16), APC (n = 11), MPC (n = 23), and CRPC (n = 8)

1H-NMR

Citrate, creatinine, acetate, leucine, valine, glycine, lysine, histidine, glutamine choline uridine, and formate.

[8]

NAD+: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide; TME: Tumor Microenvironment; RSG: Reactive Stromal Grading; BPH: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia; EPC: Early PCa; APC: Advanced PCa; MPC: Metastatic PCa; CRPC: Castration-Resistant PCa