Oral and Dental Health Lingual Orthodontics Appliance , An Overview

As the numbers of adult patients who seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing rapidly, the demand of aesthetic orthodontics has been increased, many appliances have been introduced to the market. The ultimate of which are appliances bonded to the lingual surfaces of the teeth. The current mini review is provided on the historical development of lingual appliances, advantages as well as disadvantages and cases selection.


Indications
Many indications have been reported in the literature, aesthetic consideration is one of the most factor that play a major role of choosing this appliance over the conventional one.Clinician preference affect the choice in some cases as it has been reported that lingual orthodontics has many favorable outcomes like favorable position for anterior teeth [10], diastema closure [11], pre-prosthetic tooth movement, surgical cases [11,12], class I with generalized spacing or with mild crowding [12] and Class III cases [13].

Advantage
One of the good options for comprehensive treatment of most malocclusions is Lingual orthodontics [14] because of the lingual surfaces of the teeth appear to be less prone to caries than the buccal surfaces due to differences in surface morphology, plaque retention, salivary flow and the mechanical cleaning of surfaces by the tongue [15], and it is Best option for adolescent and adult patients [16] because of the esthetic concerns is very important factor to these patients [17] the main advantage of lingual orthodontics is the most aesthetic treatment [18].

Abstract
As the numbers of adult patients who seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing rapidly, the demand of aesthetic orthodontics has been increased, many appliances have been introduced to the market.The ultimate of which are appliances bonded to the lingual surfaces of the teeth.The current mini review is provided on the historical development of lingual appliances, advantages as well as disadvantages and cases selection.

Introduction
Lingual orthodontics can correct most orthodontics problem that can be treated by conventional labial technique include malposition of teeth, anteroposterior discrepancies and pre-prosthetic surgical cases [1,2].This system consists of specially designed brackets which is suitable to be placed in the lingual surface of the tooth [3].The adult patients segment has higher resistance in committing to orthodontic treatments as opposed to younger patients [4].With the increasing number of adult patients in orthodontic practices [5], the lingual orthodontic treatment has become a treatment of choice due to its aesthetic appeal for most adults [6].

Development
The first who develop the lingual orthodontic brackets was Kinja Fujita in 1967.In the 1975s Craven Kurz with Jim try plastic brackets to the lingual surface of the tooth because it was easy to reshape but they face many problems regard the patient comfort and bond-

Disadvantage
As there is a disadvantage in the conventional orthodontic treatment e.g.non-esthetic appearance there's also a disadvantage for placing brackets in the lingual surface especially the discomfort to the patient, speech problems, tongue irritation which can cause ulceration to the edge of the tongue [9].
On the other hand, the practitioner has also difficulties in the insertion and handling of these appliance [19] and the accuracy to brackets positioning due to anatomical variations in the lingual surface and long chair time for patients and orthodontists [19,20].
Plus, there brackets overtime can cause change in tooth morphology [21].

Conclusion
Lingual orthodontics is a component of general orthodontics and as such it is subject to all the principles that govern correct patient selection and diagnosis.The future of lingual orthodontics is dependent on advances in technology related to appliance design and laboratory procedures.Lingual appliance treatment is suitable for most orthodontic patients and is the best choice for adult patients who reject the conventional visible appliances for social or professional reasons and demands esthetics.