Shows the mean and standard deviation of each group for remnants of gutta-percha/sealer and GuttaFlow across all systems and regions, as well as the total results.

Table 1: Shows the mean and standard deviation of each group for remnants of gutta-percha/sealer and GuttaFlow across all systems and regions, as well as the total results.

Region	System	Groups
		Mean ± SD
		A^*	B^*	*Mean (A^, B^)*
Coronal	Reciproc	22.91^ABa ± 11.34	11.7^Ab ± 11.54	17.31^A ± 12.53
	PTN	25.3^Aa ± 14.22	11.42^Ab ± 12.49	18.36^A ± 14.84
	R-Endo	15.28^Ba ± 14.07	12.06^Aa ± 13.09	13.67^A ± 13.34
	Mean (Rec, PTN, R-Endo)	21.16^a ± 13.46	11.73^b ± 11.96
Middle	Reciproc	14.71^Aa ± 12.35	14.17^Aa ± 16.1	14.44^A ± 13.97
	PTN	20.91^Aa ± 13.81	11.5^Aa ± 12.2	16.2^A ± 13.57
	R-Endo	11.09^Aa ± 7.28	10.05^Aa ± 12.05	10.57^A ± 9.73
	Mean (Rec, PTN, R-Endo)	15.57^a ± 11.97	11.9^a ± 13.16
Apical	Reciproc	25.57^Aa ± 13.06	14.73^Ab ± 13.47	20.15^A ± 14.3
	PTN	25.58^Aa ± 11.48	9.79^Ab ± 10.07	17.69^AB ± 13.27
	R-Endo	13.34^Ba ± 9.36	12.14^Aa ± 9.86	12.74^B ± 9.38
	Mean (Rec, PTN, R-Endo)	21.5^a ± 12.54	12.22^b ±11.05
Total	Reciproc	63.19^Aa ± 16.65	40.6^Ab ± 11.24	51.89^A ± 18.04
	PTN	71.79^Aa ± 17.18	32.71^Ab ± 21.21	52.25^A ± 26.65
	R-Endo	39.71^Ba ± 12.96	34.25^Aa ± 15.39	36.98^B ± 14.13
	Mean (Rec, PTN, R-Endo)	58.23^a ± 19.77	35.85^b ± 16.26

Means with the same letter are not significantly different from each other; lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05); uppercase letters indicate significant differences among systems (P < 0.05) A^* = Gutta-percha/Sealer; B^* = GuttaFlow.