Table 1: Presence of nystagmus in Ophthalmologic syndromes and triads

Syndrome/Triad	Incidence of nystagmus	Other signs	Upper neuron disorders (+)
Charcot’s triad	High	Intention tremor, nystagmus, staccato speech	+
Peliazeus-Merzbacher disease	High		+
Mitchap 60 disease	High		+
Metachromatic leukodystrophy	High		+
Refsum disease	High		+
Zellweger disease	High		+
Alexander disease	High		+
Canavan disease	High		+
Krabbe' disease	High		+
Vanishing white matter	High		+
Aircadi-Goutie'res syndrome	High		+
“Mais- Nadim Nasser TRIAD”	High	Primary hypotonia, nystagmus, abnormal BERA test	+
Spasmus nutans	High	Pendula nystagmus, head nodding and torticollis.	+ spontaneous recovery after 1^st year
Optic disc (foveal) hypoplasia.	High	nystagmus,	Local ophthalmic cause
Gaucher disease	rare	Trismus, strabismus, and opisthotonus.	+ Upper neuron storage disease
Kearns-Sayre syndrome	rare	External ophthalmo-plegia, pigmentary retinopathy, cardiac conduction block
Congenital glaucoma	rare	Epiphora, blepharospasm and photophobia.
Horner's syndrome	rare	Ptosis, miosis, ipsilateral anhidrosis of face
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome	rare	Muscle hypotonia, autonomic dysfunction, hyporeflexia	Neuromuscular junction-Lower motor neuron
Fechtner's syndrome	rare	Nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, eye abnormalities
Congenital rubella retinopathy	Low	cataracts, deafness, congenital heart disease

This table shows the syndromes in pediatric Ophthalmology, according to etiologies with high or low incidence of nystagmus, and according to upper and lower neuron injuries.

It also emphasizes that ICN is a major sign in all myelin disorders, including Multiple sclerosis, Paleazeus-Mertzbacher disease, Metachromatic leukodystropy and etcetera.