Visual function anomalies Reading performance Mean ± Standard deviation Median
Visual acuity =0.1 logMAR (n=66) Errors 4.63 ± 5.84 3.00
Accuracy 81.46 ± 24.49 91.18
Reading speed 21.94 ± 15.44 20.56
Strabismus (n=17) Errors 4.25 ± 5.35 1.50
Accuracy 82.35 ± 26.12 94.12
Reading speed 26.25 ± 16.66 30.94
Strabismus and visual acuity =0.1 logMAR (n=10) Errors 5.00 ± 7.78 3.00
Accuracy 68.82 ± 40.18 91.18
Reading speed 20.71 ± 14.27 26.34
Convergence insufficiency (n=2) Errors 3.00 ± 0.00 3.00
Accuracy 91.18 ± 0.00 91.18
Reading speed 29.30 ± 0.99 29.30
Stereoacuity >60” (n=15) Errors 3.64 ± 3.27 3.00
Accuracy 83.33 ± 24.85 91.18
Reading speed 24.85 ± 16.14 23.86
Children with normal visual function Errors 2.20 ± 3.32 1.00
Accuracy 91.05 ± 16.81 97.06
Reading speed 28.32 ± 16.45 27.39
Uncorrected refractive error Reading performance Mean ± Standard deviation Median
Hyperopia (n=11) Errors 5.11 ± 5.33 3.00
Accuracy 70.32 ± 35.53 88.24
Reading speed 16.18 ± 12.99 16.20
Astigmatism (n=9) Errors 4.75 ± 5.87 2.00
Accuracy 71.57 ± 33.82 91.18
Reading speed 19.34 ± 17.07 20.64
Anisohyperopia (n=5) Errors 2.40 ± 2.70 2.00
Accuracy 92.94 ± 7.95 94.12
Reading speed 30.42 ± 12.14 26.56


Table 2: Reading performance per visual function anomalies and uncorrected refractive error