Table 1: Fracture predictors at the examination
in 1995 for fractures occurring thereafter and their age-adjusted odds ratios
(OR), and mean ± SD for fractured vs. non-fractured individuals.
|
Variable, 1995, n (%) |
No fracture after 1995 (n = 1406) |
Fracture after 1995 (n = 210) |
p value* |
OR (95% CI)** |
|
Age, years, n (%) |
45.6
(11.2) |
52.6
(9.4) |
0.0000 |
1.06
(1.05-1.08) |
|
Gender |
||||
|
Men (all), n (%) |
668
(47.5) |
78
(37.1) |
|
|
|
Women (all), n (%) |
738
(52.5) |
132
(62.9) |
0.0070 |
1.59
(1.17-2.16) |
|
Women vs.
men and age group*** |
||||
|
25-34 years |
310 |
14 |
0.0595 |
0.32
(0.01-1.04) |
|
35-44 years |
377 |
30 |
0.7869 |
1.11
(0.52-2.35) |
|
45-54 years |
362 |
73 |
0.0063 |
2.14
(1.24-3.71) |
|
55-64 years |
357 |
93 |
0.0061 |
1.93
(1.21-3.09) |
|
Height,
cm |
171.8
(9.5) |
169.4
(9.1) |
0.0009 |
0.98
(0.97-1.00) |
|
Weight,
kg |
74.4
(14.2) |
74.7
(14.8) |
0.9249 |
1.00
(0.99-1.01) |
|
Body
mass index, kg/m2 |
25.1
(4.0) |
25.9
(4.3) |
0.0105 |
1.01
(0.98-1.05) |
|
Waist,
cm |
85.2
(12.6) |
86.6
(12.6) |
0.2861 |
1.00
(0.98-1.01) |
|
Hip,
cm |
99.9
(8.6) |
101.0
(8.4) |
0.2092 |
1.00
(0.99-1.02) |
|
Waist/hip
ratio |
0.851
(0.086) |
0.855
(0.083) |
0.8589 |
0.26 (0.05-1.53) |
|
Systolic
blood pressure, mmHg |
127.9
(18.6) |
133.3
(20.3) |
0.0001 |
1.00
(0.99-1.01) |
|
Diastolic
blood pressure, mmHg |
81.8
(10.5) |
83.3
(10.4) |
0.0181 |
0.99
(0.98-1.01) |
|
SOS,
m/s |
1528
(31) |
1517
(30) |
0.0001 |
0.99
(0.99-1.00) |
|
BUA,
dB/Hz |
109.5
(11.8) |
106.0
(9.2) |
0.0002 |
0.98
(0.97-1.00) |
|
Stiffness,
% |
81.1
(14.6) |
75.3
(13.3) |
0.0000 |
0.98
(0.97-1.00) |
|
Physical
activity at work, 1-4, low-high, n (%) 1
|
466
(35.0) |
61
(34.1) |
|
|
|
2 |
494
(37.1) |
59
(33.0) |
|
|
|
3 |
318
(23.9) |
52
(29.1) |
|
|
|
4 |
55
(4.1) |
7
(3.9) |
0.4152 |
1.10
(0.92-1.33) |
|
Physical
activity at leisure, 1-4, low-high, n (%)
1 |
247
(18.5) |
50
(26.0) |
|
|
|
2 |
811
(60.7) |
120
(62.5) |
|
|
|
3 |
254
(19.0) |
21 (10.9) |
|
|
|
4 |
23
(1.7) |
1
(0.5) |
0.0004 |
0.67
(0.52-0.87) |
|
Smokers,
1-3, current, ex, non, n (%) 1 |
356
(25.6) |
56
(26.9) |
|
|
|
2 |
326
(23.4) |
44
(21.2) |
|
|
|
3 |
711
(51.0) |
108
(51.9) |
0.9381 |
1.03
(0.86-1.23) |
|
S-cholesterol,
mmol/l |
5.78 (1.22) |
6.07
(1.10) |
0.0002 |
0.99
(0.86-1.13) |
|
S-triglycerides,
mmol/l |
1.57
(1.10) |
1.65
(0.90) |
0.0199 |
0.98
(0.85-1.12) |
|
P-fibrinogen,
g/l |
2.76
(0.54) |
2.90
(0.60) |
0.0024 |
1.13
(0.84-1.53) |
|
IGF-1,
µg/l |
166.4
(60.0) |
144.9
(50.8) |
0.0049 |
1.00
(0.99-1.00) |
|
S-PTH,
ng/l |
37.1
(14.5) |
40.6
(15.9) |
0.0996 |
1.01
(0.99-1.03) |
|
S-Osteocalcin,
µg/l |
9.24
(2.79) |
9.09
(2.80) |
0.5511 |
0.99
(0.90-1.09) |
|
Previous fracture, n
(%) |
194
(13.8) |
18
(8.6) |
0.0400 |
0.50
(0.30-0.83) |
|
HRT, women, n (%) |
188
(25.5) |
38
(28.8) |
0.1003 |
1.21
(0.82-1.79) |
|
Antihypertensives, n (%) |
96
(6.8) |
25
(11.9) |
0.0189 |
1.11
(0.68-1.80) |
|
Antidiabetics, n (%) |
35
(2.5) |
10
(4.8) |
0.1106 |
1.27 (0.60-2.66) |
|
Tranquilizers, n (%) |
144
(10.2) |
37
(17.6) |
0.0038 |
1.52
(1.02-2.29) |
|
Myocardial infarction
before 1995, n (%) |
20
(1.4) |
6
(2.9) |
0.2182 |
1.13
(0.44-2.89) |
|
Stroke before 1995, n (%) |
12
(0.9) |
10
(4.8) |
0.0003 |
3.44
(1.45-8.17) |
|
Stroke or Myocardial infarction before 1995, n (%) |
29
(2.1) |
13
(6.2) |
0.0033 |
1.78
(0.89-3.53) |
|
Myocardial infarction
after 1995, n (%) |
31
(2.2) |
12
(5.7) |
0.0100 |
3.01
(2.37-4.83) |
|
Stroke after 1995, n
(%) |
50
(3.6) |
27 (12.9) |
0.0000 |
3.49
(2.05-5.83) |
|
Stroke or Myocardial
infarction after 1995, n (%) |
81
(5.8) |
39
(18.6) |
0.0000 |
3.23
(2.08-4.94) |
*p value corresponds to the unadjusted analysis. **ORs
correspond to the age-adjusted analysis. ***Fractures in the age strata
are adjusted for sex.
SOS: Speed of Sound; BUA: Broadband Ultrasound
Attenuation; IGF-1: Insulin-like Growth Factor-1; PTH: Parathyroid Hormone;
HRT: Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy