| Author; No. of patients | Design; Duration, Intervention | Outcomes | Results |
| Brown et al. (2002) [66] n=17 | OL, Add-on QUE 12 weeks BD + COD QUE (mean dosage 229.4 mg/d) | Psychopathology (HDRS, YMRS, BPRS) Cocaine Craving (CQC) Cocaine use (UTS) | Significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms (p< 0.01) and cocaine craving (p=0.05). No significant changes in cocaine use |
| Weisman (2003) [57] n=1 | CR 1 year SCH + AA and COA QUE (400 mg/d) | Psychopathology Social functioning Alcohol and cocaine use | Reduction of psychopathology and improvement of social functioning. Reduction in alcohol and cocaine use |
| Brown et al. (2003) [58] n=24 | OL, Pros, RCT, switch study 12 weeks PSY (9 with SCH or SAD) + SUD Cocaine (69%), Amphetamine (14%) Non-TAP (n=12), QUE (mean dose 394 mg/d) (n=8/12) or TAP (n=12) | Psychopathology (HDRS, BPRS) Cocaine craving (CQC) Cocaine or amphetamines use (self-reported money spent on substance use, UTS) | After discontinuing TAP and switching to QUE there was a significant improvement in psychopathology (p< 0.05) and a significant craving reduction (p< 0.01), with no significant differences in the amount of drug use |
| Longoria et al. (2004) [61] n=17 | OL, add-on study 12 weeks BD + COD QUE (mean dosage 239 mg/d) | Psychiatric symptoms (YMRS, HDRS, BPRS) Alcohol use (alcohol drinks/week, days/week of alcohol use) Alcohol craving (VAS) | QUE was associated with significant reductions in craving (p=0.02), days/week of alcohol use (p=0.04) and psychiatric symptoms (p< 0.01). Depressive symptoms significantly correlated with craving (p=0.029) |
| Potvin et al. (2004) [65] n=8 | OL study 6 months SCH (n=4) or BD (n=4) + CAD QUE (dosage N.S.) | Cannabis use | Weekly cannabis use was reduced in 97.3% at the end of the study |
| Potvin et al. (2006) [59] n=34 | OL study 12 weeks SSD + SUD Cannabis (n=15), alcohol (n=10), other psychoactive substances (n=9) QUE (200-800 mg/d) | Drug Use (TLFB, UTS, GGT) Severity of drug use (AUS, DUS) Carving (VAS, PACS) Psychiatric and depressive symptoms (PANSS, CDSS) Cognition (CANTAB) | Overall, severity of SUD improved (p< 0.05), fewer days/week were spent on SUD. Money/week spent on alcohol significantly diminished (p< 0.05), but money/week spent on cannabis did not diminished significantly. Craving for alcohol did not improve significantly, but craving for cannabis significantly diminished (p< 0.05) There were significant improvements in psychopathology (p< 0.01) and cognition (p< 0.05) |
| Potvin et al. (2008) [60] n=24 | Peripheral ECB | No significant changes in ECB levels were observed during QUE treatment | |
| Brown et al. (2008) [63] n=115 | Pros, R, PC, Add-on study 12 weeks BD outpatients + AA or AD QUE (up to 600 mg/d) or PLA | Psychiatric symptoms (YMRS, HDRS) Alcohol use | HDRS scores decreased significantly more in the QUE group compared to the PLA group (p< 0.05). No significant differences were found in the decrease of the YMRS scores and in alcohol use |
| Martinotti et al. (2008) [62] n=28 | OL, FD study 16 weeks Recently detoxified BD (n=16) and SAD (n=2) + AD QUE (300-800 mg/d) | Relapse rate (number of drinking days) Craving (OCDS, VAS) Psychopathology (BPRS, HDRS, YMRS, CGI) | 42.8% of patients remained alcohol free at the end of the study. 32.1% relapsed. Significant reductions from baseline to exit were observed in craving (p< 0.005), psychopathology (p< 0.0001) and number of drinking days/week (p=0.005) |
| Steadman et al. (2010) [64] n=176 | MC, DB, RPCT 12 weeks Outpatient BD + AD Treatment with LIT (n=185) or VAL (n=177) + QUE (300-800 mg/d) (n=159) or PLA (n=169) | Change in the proportion of heavy drinking days (TLFB) Psychopathology (CGI, HARS) | No significant differences in the proportion of heavy drinking days between QUE and PLA. No significant differences in improvement in psychopathology |
| Zhornitsky et al. (2011) [67] | CC study 12 weeks DD (n=26), SCH without SUD (n=23), SUD without SCH (n=24) QUE (mean dosages in the three groups: 554, 478 and 150 mg/d, respectively) | Neurological and psychiatric symptoms (PANSS, ESRS, BAS) Substance use (TLFB, UTS) | DD and SCH patients were receiving significantly higher doses of QUE (p=0.0001). DD patients had significantly higher parkinsonism (p=0.02) and depression (p=0.005). DD patients had significantly higher SUD severity compared to SUD patients (p<0.001) |