Table 1: Inflammatory cascade in multiple sclerosis [1].

BBB (Blood Brain Barrier)
Periphery CNS
1. Antigen presentation to CD4+ prompting
    activation and proliferation of inflammatory T
    cells (Th1 and Th17)
2. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
3. Up-regulation of adhesion molecules
4. Disruption of blood brain barrier
5. T cell migration into CNS
6. B cell activation, proliferation and
    migration into CNS
7. Inadequate T regulatory function
8. Presentation of CNS Antigen to T cell with
    reactivation
9. Recruitment of other inflammatory cells : CD 8+, B cells,
    monocytes, macrophages, microglia
10. Damage to myelin, oligodendrocytes and axons
    resulting from: cytokine damage, Ab activity,
    complement damage, oxidative stress
    mitochondrial dysfunction