Table 1: Details of manual staining protocols
| Protocol | Staining Time (Stain Used) | Washing | Staining Time (Stain Used) | Washing |
| UA | 20 min (2 % UA) | ddH2O | 20 min (Lead Citrate) | ddH2O |
| UAR | 30 min (1 part UAR with 4 parts ddH2O) | ddH2O | No | |
| MUAR | 5 min (1 part UAR with 4 parts ddH2O) | ddH2O | 5 min (Lead Citrate) | ddH2O |
UA: Uranyl Acetate, UAR: Uranyl Acetate Replacement, MUAR: Modified Uranyl Acetate Replacement, ddH2O: double-distilled water