Drug candidate

Target

Mechanism of Action on COVID-19

Drug category

Baricitinib

JAK kinase

A JAK inhibitor

Rheumatoid arthritis/Anti-inflammatory

Lopinavir

Viral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro

Protease inhibitors that may inhibit the viral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro

HIV infection

Ritonavire

Vviral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro

Protease inhibitors that may inhibit the viral proteases: 3CLpro or PLpro

 HIV infection

Favipiravir (favilavir)

RdRp

A purine nucleoside that acts as an alternate substrate leading to inaccurate viral RNA synthesis

Viral infections

Remdesivir

A nucleotide analogue that may block viral nucleotide synthesis to stop viral replication

Ebola virus infection

Arbidol

S protein/ACE2d

An inhibitor that may disrupt the binding of viral envelope protein to host cells and prevent viral entry to the target cell

Influenza antiviral drug

Chloroquine

Endosome/ACE2

A drug that can elevate endosomal pH and interfere with ACE2 glycosylation

Malarial parasite infection

Nitazoxanide

N/A

A drug that may inhibit viral protein expression

Various helminthic, Protozoal and Viral infection-caused diarrhea