Vaccine

Description

Current Status

References

Sipuleucel-T (Provenge)

An autologous dendritic cell-based vaccine that targets prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatise (PAP).

Approved by FDA for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Shown to improve overall survival. Ongoing studies explore combination therapies.

[9,10]

Prostvac-VF

A viral vector-based vaccine using modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and fowlpox vectors expressing PSA and costimulatory molecules.

In clinical trials, it has shown promise in extending overall survival. Investigated for use in combination with other therapies.

[11-13]

PSA-TRICOM

A vaccine that combines PSA with a triad of costimulatory molecules (TRICOM) to enhance T-cell activation.

Clinical trials have shown mixed results, with some evidence of prolonged survival. Research continues optimizing efficacy.

[14]

GVAX

A vaccine that uses genetically modified prostate cancer cells to secrete GM-CSF, a cytokine that stimulates immune responses.

Ongoing clinical trials to assess its efficacy and safety. Shown to induce immune responses against prostate cancer in earlier studies.

[15,16]

PSA-TRICOM + Ipilimumab

Combines PSA-TRICOM with ipilimumab, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, to enhance immune response through checkpoint blockade.

Trials are investigating the combined approach for improved efficacy in advanced prostate cancer. Initial results are promising.

[17,18]