Table 1: Demographics, clinical data, outcome scores from included studies.
First author |
Year |
Prospective vs. retrospective |
Level of Evidence |
Patients (n) |
Number of feet |
Age (years, mean) |
Male Sex (n) |
Female Sex (n) |
Union (# feet) |
Union rate (%) |
Outcome scores |
Graft |
Graft augment |
Zhang |
2020 |
retrospective |
4 |
6 |
6 |
32.9 |
5 |
1 |
5 |
83 |
VAS, AOFAS |
calcaneus auto + iliac crest auto (6) |
|
Wan |
2020 |
retrospective |
4 |
62 |
64 |
nr |
31 |
31 |
64 |
100 |
VAS, AOFAS |
none (16), nova bone (16), allo (15), auto (17) |
|
Schipper |
2020 |
retrospective |
4 |
35 |
35 |
48.0 |
nr |
nr |
33 |
94 |
none (2), allo (11), tibia auto (22) |
||
Davies |
2007 |
retrospective |
4 |
92 |
95 |
46.0 |
68 |
24 |
89 |
94 |
Angus and Cowell |
Calcaneus auto (67), iliac crest auto (3), tibia/fibula auto (25) |
|
Sun |
2019 |
retrospective |
4 |
15 |
15 |
48.7 |
8 |
7 |
15 |
100 |
none (11), iliac crest auto (4) |
||
Farouk |
2019 |
Prospective |
4 |
18 |
18 |
30.9 |
14 |
4 |
18 |
100 |
VAS, AOFAS |
calcaneus auto (18) |
|
Vila-Rico |
2017 |
retrospective |
3 |
65 |
65 |
50.0 |
38 |
27 |
62 |
95 |
AOFAS |
none (65) |
|
Oliva |
2017 |
retrospective |
4 |
19 |
19 |
50.9 |
12 |
7 |
18 |
95 |
VAS, AOFAS, SF-12 |
none (19) |
|
Rungprai |
2016 |
retrospective |
3 |
121 |
129 |
47.6 |
67 |
54 |
119 |
92.2 |
SF-36 |
none (19), cancellous allo (36), structural allo (4), cancellous auto (12), structural auto (2), |
BMP (12), PRP (9), DBX (66) |
Holm |
2014 |
retrospective |
4 |
17 |
17 |
53.8 |
9 |
8 |
17 |
100 |
VAS, AOFAS |
none (6), cancellous allo (8), auto (3) |
|
Yavuz |
2014 |
retrospective |
4 |
20 |
21 |
44.3 |
16 |
4 |
19 |
90 |
AOFAS |
none (10), cancellous allo (3), iliac crest auto (8) |
|
Al-Ashhab |
2012 |
retrospective |
4 |
11 |
11 |
28.7 |
11 |
0 |
11 |
100 |
AOFAS |
Calcaneus auto (11) |
|
Albert |
2011 |
Prospective |
4 |
10 |
10 |
37.8 |
6 |
4 |
10 |
100 |
AOFAS |
none (1), auto (1), iliac crest auto (8) |
|
Catanzariti |
2005 |
retrospective |
4 |
40 |
40 |
50.0 |
12 |
28 |
33 |
83 |
none (10), cancellous allo (5), auto (18), iliac crest auto (4), tibia auto (3), |
||
Diezi |
2008 |
retrospective |
4 |
12 |
15 |
45.3 |
6 |
6 |
14 |
93 |
AOFAS |
tibia (15) |
|
Haskell |
2004 |
retrospective |
4 |
100 |
101 |
52.0 |
48 |
52 |
99 |
98 |
calcaneus/talus/sinus tarsi auto (101) |
||
Huefner |
2001 |
retrospective |
4 |
6 |
6 |
nr |
nr |
nr |
6 |
100 |
AOFAS, Hannover Scoring System |
iliac crest auto (6) |
|
Johnson |
2000 |
retrospective |
4 |
16 |
17 |
56.0 |
3 |
13 |
17 |
100 |
AOFAS, Maryland Score |
iliac crest auto (9), tibia auto (8) |
|
Lee |
2008 |
retrospective |
4 |
9 |
10 |
nr |
nr |
nr |
10 |
100 |
cancellous allo (10) |
||
Thermann |
1999 |
retrospective |
3 |
40 |
40 |
47.0 |
33 |
7 |
39 |
98 |
Hannover Scoring System, CRS |
none (7), iliac crest auto (33) |
|
Zollinger |
2004 |
prospective |
4 |
30 |
30 |
53.0 |
19 |
11 |
30 |
100 |
VAS |
iliac crest auto (30) |
|
Buch |
1996 |
retrospective |
4 |
14 |
14 |
40.0 |
12 |
2 |
14 |
100 |
AOFAS |
iliac crest auto (14) |
|
El Shazly |
2009 |
retrospective |
4 |
10 |
10 |
42.1 |
8 |
2 |
10 |
100 |
AOFAS |
none (10) |
|
Lee |
2010 |
retrospective |
4 |
16 |
16 |
44.0 |
16 |
0 |
15 |
94 |
AOFAS, Angus and Cowell |
Fibula auto (16) |
|
Potenza |
2010 |
retrospective |
4 |
6 |
7 |
40.0 |
4 |
2 |
15 |
100 |
AOFAS |
unspecified graft (7) |
|
Huang |
2003 |
retrospective |
4 |
25 |
28 |
41.0 |
17 |
8 |
26 |
93 |
tibia auto (28) |
AOFAS: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; NR: Not reported; SF: Short Form; CRS: Clinical Rating System.