Table
2: Sociodemographic,
clinical and serological features according to whether cutaneous manifestations
were present or not. univariable and multivariable analyses.
|
With
Cutaneous Manifestations (n = 1387)# |
Without
Cutaneous Manifestations (n = 93)# |
Univariable Analyses |
Multivariable Analyses* |
||
OR
(95% CI) |
p Value |
OR (95% CI) |
p Value |
|||
Female,
n (%) |
1255 (90.5) |
75 (80.6) |
2.281 (1.323-3.934) |
0.002 |
3.052 (1.132-8.233) |
0.028 |
Age
at SLE onset ≤ 30 years, n (%) |
878 (63.3) |
41 (44.1) |
0.457 (0.299-0.698) |
< 0.001 |
0.969 (0.943-0.996) |
0.023 |
Ethnicity,
n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Caucasian |
567 (40.9) |
39 (41.9) |
Reference |
0.748 |
|
|
Mestizo |
606 (43.7) |
39 (41.9) |
1.069 (0.676-1.690) |
0.882 |
|
|
African/Latin American |
171 (12.3) |
15 (16.2) |
0.784 (0.422-1.457) |
0.330 |
|
|
Others |
43 (3.1) |
0 |
1.000 (0.000-1.000) |
0.987 |
|
|
Socioeconomic
status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High / Medium High |
140 (10.1) |
12 (12.9) |
Reference |
0.482 |
|
|
Medium |
398 (28.7) |
29 (31.2) |
1.176 (0.584-2.368) |
0.703 |
|
|
Medium Low / Low |
849 (61.2) |
52 (55.9) |
1.399 (0.729-2.688) |
0.305 |
|
|
Clinical
Manifestations, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systemic |
1152 (83.1) |
65 (69.9) |
2.112 (1.327-3.361) |
0.002 |
2.865 (1.290-6.364) |
0.010 |
Musculoskeletal |
1297 (93.5) |
78 (83.9) |
2.771 (1.532-5.012) |
0.002 |
5.542 (2.071-14.836) |
0.001 |
Ocular |
242 (17.4) |
17 (18.3) |
0.945 (0.549-1.628) |
0.780 |
|
|
Pleuropulmonary |
381 (27.5) |
40 (43.0) |
0.520 (0.313-0.796) |
0.002 |
0.443 (0.207-0.950) |
0.036 |
Cardiac |
290 (20.1) |
32 (34.4) |
0.504 (0.322-0.788) |
0.002 |
|
|
Renal |
819 (59.0) |
57 (61.3) |
0.911 (0.592-1.401) |
0.670 |
|
|
Neurologic |
498 (35.9) |
27 (29.0) |
1.369 (0.864-2.171) |
0.218 |
|
|
Hematologic |
1089 (78.5) |
79 (84.9) |
0.648 (0.362-1.160) |
0.151 |
|
|
SDI
≥ 1 (at last follow-up), n (%) |
773 (55.7) |
53 (57.0) |
0.952 (0.620-1.452) |
0.830 |
|
|
Mean
SLEDAI ≥ 4, n (%) |
816 (58.8) |
43 (46.2) |
1.660 (1.091-2.533) |
0.022 |
|
|
Deceased,
n (%) |
82 (5.9) |
8 (8.6) |
0.668 (0.313-1.425) |
0.292 |
|
|
Treatment,
n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antimalarial use |
1154 (83.2) |
60 (64.5) |
2.724 (1.741-4.261) |
< 0.001 |
|
|
Corticosteroids use |
1308 (94.3) |
84 (90.3) |
1.774 (0.860-3.659) |
0.108 |
|
|
Cyclophosphamide use |
47 (3.4) |
1 (1.1) |
3.227 (0.440-23.652) |
0.361 |
|
|
Methotrexate use |
169 (12.2) |
6 (6.5) |
2.012 (0.866-4.673) |
0.133 |
|
|
Azathioprine use |
444 (32.0) |
33 (24.7) |
1.433 (0.883-2.326) |
0.167 |
|
|
Immunological
laboratory, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anti-ANA antibodies |
1302 (98.0) |
91 (100.0) |
1.070 (1.055-1.085) |
0.406 |
|
|
Anti-DNA antibodies |
829 (72.7) |
62 (77.5) |
0.771 (0.449-1.325) |
0.434 |
|
|
Anti-RNP antibodies |
308 (55.3) |
14 (33.3) |
2.474 (1.275-4.801) |
0.006 |
|
|
Anti-Sm
antibodies |
335 (47.9) |
15 (32.6) |
2.177 (1.153-4.109) |
0.015 |
|
|
Anti-Ro antibodies |
330 (52.5) |
13 (31.7) |
2.377 (1.209-4.674) |
0.015 |
2.485 (1.131-5.461) |
0.023 |
Anti-La antibodies |
182 (31.2) |
9 (24.3) |
1.412 (0.653-3.053) |
0.464 |
|
|
IgG Anticardiolipin antibodies |
347 (49.4) |
16 (42.1) |
1.344 (0.694-2.602) |
0.409 |
|
|
IgM Anticadiolipin antibodies |
139 (38.1) |
15 (44.1) |
0.778 (0.388-1.561) |
0.475 |
|
|
Hypocomplementemia |
810 (68.5) |
46 (61.3) |
1.369 (0.847-2.214) |
0.203 |
|
|
#Total n
are different in the evaluation of immune laboratory.
*Gender,
age, the average SLEDAI score and the last SDI score were included in the
multivariable analyses as adjustemet variabels.
SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Disease Activity Index (including cutaneous manifestations)
SDI: Systemic Lupus International
Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (excluding
cutaneous manifestations)
OR: Odd Ratio
CI: Confidence Interval