Table 7: The effect of smoking on initiating insulin therapy by controlling for duration of age, duration of diabetes and gender.

 

F (p-value)

ηp2

R2

Adjusted R2

Model I

Constant

9.731 (0.002)

0.018

0.128

0.123

Smoking status

6.893 (0.001)

0.025

Age

55.917 (0.000)

0.096

Model II

Constant

43.712 (0.000)

0.076

0.039

0.034

Smoking status

6.452 (0.002)

0.024

Gender

2.170 (0.141)

0.004

Model III

Constant

9.468 (0.002)

0.018

0.754

0.752

Smoking status

3.250 (0.040)

0.012

Duration of Diabetes(Year)

1540.151 (0.000)

0.745

ηp2: Impact magnitude (Partial eta square); sd: Degree of freedom; One-way Covariance Analysis (One-way ANCOVA).