Table 2: Comparison results by smoking status.
|
Smoker (n = 114) |
Ex-Smoker (n = 178) |
Non-Smoker (n = 240) |
p-value |
Age |
0.021‡ |
|||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
57.34 ± 8.31 56.50 (50.00-63.00) |
59.16 ± 9.02 58.00 (52.00-64.00) |
60.20 ± 9.33 59.00 (53.00-67.00) |
|
Duration of Diabetes (Year) |
0.002+ |
|||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
9.10 ± 6.10 8.00 (4.00-13.00) |
10.00 ± 6.82 9.00 (5.00-15.00) |
11.73 ± 7.24 10.00 (6.00-16.00) |
|
Time to Switch to Insulin After Diagnosis (Year) |
0.000+ |
|||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
5.50 ± 5.01 4.00 (2.00-8.00) |
6.72 ± 5.2 5.00 (2.00-10.00) |
8.30 ± 6.32 7.00 (3.00-11.50) |
|
Insulin Using Time |
||||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
3.82 ± 3.36 3.00 (1.00-5.00) |
3.51 ± 3.32 3.00 (1.00-4.00) |
3.64 ± 3.34 2.00 (1.00-5.00) |
0.829+ |
Diabetes Onset Age |
0.955+ |
|||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
48.25 ± 7.81 48.00 (43.00-54.00) |
49.16 ± 10.53 47.00 (42.00-56.00) |
48.47 ± 8.78 47.00 (42.00-53.00) |
|
HbA1c |
0.064+ |
|||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
8.71 ± 2.14 8.15 (7.20-10.00) |
8.12 ± 1.66 7.75 (6.80-9.30) |
8.48 ± 1.99 7.95 (7.10-9.45) |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
0.009+ |
|||
± sd Median (Q1-Q3) |
28.97 ± 5.19 28.55 (24.80-32.60) |
29.92 ± 4.66 29.20 (27.00-32.30) |
30.86 ± 5.46 30.40 (26.80-33.90) |
|
Educational Status (n, %) |
< 0.000* |
|||
No Information in File |
22 (19.30) |
28 (15.70) |
5 (2.10) |
|
Unschooled |
30 (26.30) |
36 (20.20) |
58 (24.20) |
|
Literate |
22 (19.30) |
27 (18.70) |
27 (11.30) |
|
Primary school |
33 (28.90) |
57 (32.00) |
122 (50.80) |
|
Middle School |
3 (2.60) |
11 (6.20) |
11 (4.60) |
|
High school |
3 (2.60) |
11 (6.20) |
9 (3.80) |
|
University |
1 (0.90) |
8 (4.50) |
8 (3.30) |
|
Marital status (n, %) |
0.185* |
|||
The married |
99 (86.80) |
158 (88.80) |
201 (83.80) |
|
Single |
1 (0.90) |
1 (0.60) |
4 (1.70) |
|
Widow |
14 (12.30) |
19 (10.70) |
35 (14.60) |
|
Treatment Protocol (n, %) |
0.232* |
|||
OAD + insulin |
45 (39.50) |
70 (39.30) |
94 (39.20) |
|
Pre-mix insulin |
31 (27.20) |
57 (32.00) |
84 (35.00) |
|
Intensive insulin |
38 (33.30) |
51 (28.70) |
62 (25.80) |
‡One Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA); +Kruskal Wallis Test; *Pearson Chi-Square Test